Refractory metal tungsten has wide applications in many fields such as aerospace, national defense, military and nuclear industry due to its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. As the demand for high-performance materials in the new era is increasing, existing materials cannot meet the performance requirements under extreme conditions. The high pressure torsion (HPT) process can produce severe shear deformation and densify the material effectively, leading to ultrafine-grain structure with non-equilibrium grain boundaries and having a significant effect on improving the overall performance of pure tungsten materials. HPT process is used to prepare an ultrafine-grain material with excellent comprehensive performance, which can broaden the application field of refractory metal tungsten and promote the engineering application of high-performance materials. The HPT experiment was carried out on commercial pure tungsten at a relatively low temperature, and the microstructure evolution during HPT processing at various turning numbers has been investigated by means of EBSD, TEM and HRTEM. It was found that with the strain increasing, the grains were refined significantly, dislocation density and the ratio of non-equilibrium grain boundary increased obviously. Moreover, it was transparent that the low angle grain boundary transform into high angle grain boundary during HPT processing. At the same time, the dislocation structure moved to grain boundary gradually so that there was no obvious defect in fined grains. When the equivalent strain increased to 5.5, the deformation mode of grains transformed from intracrystalline sliding to grain boundary sliding, because the size of some grains was close to the mean free path of dislocation.