块体非晶合金的<strong>3D</strong>打印成形研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00450

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (4): 529-541 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00450

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块体非晶合金的3D打印成形研究进展

李宁(

), 黄信

华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院武汉 430074

Recent Advances on 3D Printed Bulk Metallic Glasses

LI Ning(

), HUANG Xin

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

引用本文:

李宁, 黄信. 块体非晶合金的3D打印成形研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(4): 529-541.
Ning LI, Xin HUANG. Recent Advances on 3D Printed Bulk Metallic Glasses[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(4): 529-541.

全文: PDF(12925 KB) HTML

摘要:

当前，块体非晶合金作为结构材料，其应用不仅面临室温脆性挑战，而且遭遇成形制造瓶颈。解决上述难题已成为近年来材料领域的研究热点与难点之一。近年来发展起来的3D打印技术，已逐渐成为解决块体非晶合金现存困境，实现工程应用的有效途径之一。然而，由于非晶合金具有与晶态材料完全不同的原子结构，3D打印成形中的微观组织演变、缺陷形成与抑制、性能调控等方面的基础理论不同于常规晶态材料，深入剖析上述科学问题对促进块体非晶合金3D打印成形技术的发展具有重要意义。本文依据近年来的国内外研究动态，针对上述问题进行综合分析，并对其发展趋势进行展望。

关键词 ：块体非晶合金, 3D打印, 微观结构, 力学性能

Abstract：

The application of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) as structural materials not only involves the challenge of room temperature brittleness but also bottlenecks related to formation and manufacturing. Solving these issues has become one of the research hotspots and difficulties in the material field recently. The recently developed 3D printing technology has gradually become one of the key methods to solve the existing difficulties of BMGs to realize their engineering applications. However, because BMGs have a completely different atomic structure than crystalline materials, the basic theories of material microstructure evolution, defect formation and suppression, and performance adjustment in 3D printing are completely different. The in-depth analysis of the abovementioned scientific issues is very important for the development of BMG 3D printing technology. This article is mainly focused on the research trends at home and abroad with a comprehensive analysis of the above problems and looks forward to the development trends of 3D printing technology.

Key words： bulk metallic glass 3D printing microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2020-11-09

ZTFLH:

TG139.8

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51971097)

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图1 块体非晶合金的3D打印成形技术：选区激光熔化(SLM)、激光近净成形(LENS)[15]、熔丝制造(FFF)[16]、热喷涂3D打印(TS3DP)[17]、激光诱导前向转移(LIFT)[19]以及直接金属书写(DMW) 3D打印[20](a) selective laser melting (SLM) (b) laser engineering net shaping (LENS)[15](c) fused filament fabrication (FFF)[16] (d) thermal spray 3D printing (TS3DP)[17](e) laser induced forward transfer (LIFT)[19] (f) direct metal writing (DMW) 3D printing[20]

表1 3D打印成形块体非晶合金与原材料的相组成[12,14,16,17,21~55]

图2 熔池区(P1)、热影响区(P2)和无相变区(P3)的热过程曲线以及热影响区中不同位置的热过程曲线[24]

图3 Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 非晶合金粉体经激光表面熔覆不同次数的微观结构、熔覆1~7层的截面微结构、熔覆20次后的SEM像和沉积7层的SEM像[48]

图4 激光能量密度为30.8和3.8 J/mm3时不同晶体键的演化过程[56]

图5 Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5粉末、铸态样品和不同激光能量密度下SLM成形样品的XRD谱、激光能量密度13 J/mm3时3D打印样品的同步辐射实验及衍射图样[43]

图6 不同扫描策略和扫描速率下的SLM成形Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10非晶合金的BSE-SEM像[33]

图7 非晶与铜界面处的TEM分析[26]

图8 SLM成形合金中的微裂纹

图9 SLM成形锆基非晶圆柱与铸态非晶压缩曲线[22]

表2 3D打印成形块体非晶合金的力学性能[16,22,23,25,31,33]

图10 按比例混合了Cu、CuNi20和CuNi30粉末的SLM成形样品的应力-应变曲线和通过引入第二相后SLM成形铁基非晶合金的力学性能变化情况[26]

图11 SLM成形的Zr59.3Cu28.8Nb1.5Al10.4样品疲劳裂纹扩展实验结果[64]

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