<strong>31%B<sub>4</sub>Cp/6061Al</strong>复合材料的热变形及加工图的研究

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00454

金属学报

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (8): 1155-1164 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00454

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

31%B₄Cp/6061Al复合材料的热变形及加工图的研究

周丽¹, 李明¹, 王全兆²(

), 崔超³, 肖伯律², 马宗义²

1 烟台大学机电汽车工程学院烟台 264005
2 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016
3 哈尔滨工业大学(威海)材料科学与工程学院威海 264209

Study of the Hot Deformation and Processing Map of 31%B₄Cp/6061Al Composites

ZHOU Li¹, LI Ming¹, WANG Quanzhao²(

), CUI Chao³, XIAO Bolv², MA Zongyi²

1 School of Electromechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
2 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai, Weihai 264209, China

引用本文:

周丽, 李明, 王全兆, 崔超, 肖伯律, 马宗义. 31%B₄Cp/6061Al复合材料的热变形及加工图的研究[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(8): 1155-1164.
Li ZHOU, Ming LI, Quanzhao WANG, Chao CUI, Bolv XIAO, Zongyi MA. Study of the Hot Deformation and Processing Map of 31%B₄Cp/6061Al Composites[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(8): 1155-1164.

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摘要:

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对粉末冶金法制备的31%B₄Cp/6061Al (体积分数)复合材料进行热压缩行为研究，实验温度和应变速率分别为375~525 ℃和0.001~10 s^-1。基于改进的动态材料模型(MDMM)建立了功率耗散率图和热加工图，确定了热加工的稳定区和失稳区，分析了热压缩过程中的微观组织变化。结果表明，31%B₄Cp/6061Al复合材料的变形温度和应变速率对流变应力的影响十分显著，流变应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加。确定了31%B₄Cp/6061Al复合材料的最优热加工参数所对应的变形温度和应变速率分别为480~525 ℃和0.01~0.04 s^-1。加工失稳区主要集中在低温高应变速率区域，并且该区域随应变的增大而增大。热压过程中应变、温度和应变速率对显微组织的变化都有显著影响，应变越大，则晶粒变形越严重，随着变形温度的升高或应变速率的降低，基体内动态再结晶晶粒尺寸明显增大。

关键词 ： B₄Cp/6061Al复合材料, 热变形, 加工图, 微观结构

Abstract：

B₄Cp/Al composite has the advantages of light weight, good stability, high neutron absorption capacity and excellent mechanical properties, and is increasingly used in nuclear industry for storage and transportation of spent fuels. However, due to the obvious difference in the mechanical properties between the reinforcement and the aluminum matrix, the deformation of B₄Cp/Al composite is quite difficult. In this study, the hot compression behavior of 31%B₄Cp/6061Al (volume fraction) composite fabricated by powder metallurgy was investigated in the temperature range of 375~525 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.001~10 s^-1 with Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator system. Based on the modified dynamic material model (MDMM), the power dissipation efficiency and processing maps were established, the instability zones and stable area of hot deformation were determined, and the microstructure evolution during hot compression were analyzed. The results show that the temperature and strain rate have significant influences on the flow stress of 31%B₄Cp/6061Al composite, and the flow stress increases with decreasing temperature or with increasing strain rate. The optimum processing domains for 31%B₄Cp/6061Al composite are at temperatures of 480~525 ℃ with strain rates of 0.01~0.04 s^-1. However, the processing instability area is mainly concentrated in low temperature and high strain rate, and increases with the increase of strain. During the hot compressing, the microstructure evolution is influenced by hot processing parameters, such as the strain, temperature and strain rate. The higher the strain is, the more serious the grain deformation is. With increasing deformation temperature or decreasing strain rate, the size of the dynamic recrystallization grain in matrix increases obviously.

Key words： B₄Cp/6061Al composites hot deformation processing map microstructure

收稿日期: 2019-12-27

ZTFLH:

TG339

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(U1508216);国家自然科学基金项目(51771194);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019MEE074)

作者简介: 周丽，女，1971年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00454 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2020/V56/I8/1155

图1 热压缩过程示意图

图2 31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料显微组织的OM像

图3 不同热变形条件下31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料的真应力-真应变曲线

图4 31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料在不同变形条件下的峰值应力分布

$ε ˙$ / s^-1	375 ℃	400 ℃	425 ℃	450 ℃	475 ℃	500 ℃	525 ℃
0.01	89.34	73.90	67.40	61.77	56.69	38.66	35.52
0.1	107.00	92.89	86.80	76.45	70.81	60.01	52.52
1	126.18	113.58	103.75	94.40	85.91	79.61	65.38
10	158.00	146.00	133.39	124.92	112.96	102.04	92.53

表1 31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料在不同变形条件下的峰值应力 (MPa)

图5 不同应变下31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料的功率耗散图

图6 31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料在不同应变下的失稳图

图7 31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料在不同应变下的加工图

Strain	Domain	T / ℃	$ε ˙$ / s^-1
0.1	I	385~450	3.16~10
	II	435~525	0.01~1
		475~525	1~10
	III	500~525	0.01~0.031
0.3	I	275~435	2.80~10
	II	420~525	0.01~0.39
		505~525	0.39~10
	III	490~525	0.01~0.025
0.5	I	375~455	2.51~10
	II	426~525	0.01~0.1
	III	480~525	0.01~0.039
0.7	I	375~450	2.23~10
	II	438~525	0.01~0.1
	III	480~520	0.01~0.021

表2 31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料的热加工工艺

图8 31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料在最优加工区和失稳区热压后的SEM像

图9 31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料在475 ℃、10 s-1变形条件下压缩变形后的应变场分布

图10 31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料在475 ℃、10 s-1热压缩条件下不同区域显微组织的OM像

图11 31%B4Cp/6061Al复合材料不同变形条件下试样中心区域显微组织的OM像

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