Please wait a minute...
Acta Metall Sin  2018, Vol. 54 Issue (9): 1262-1272    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00022
Orginal Article Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Effect of {332}<113> Twins Combined with Isothermal ω-Phase on Mechanical Properties in Ti-15Mo Alloy with Different Oxygen Contents
Xiaohua MIN1(), Li XIANG1, Mingjia LI1, Kai YAO1, Satoshi EMURA2, Congqian CHENG1, Koichi TSUCHIYA2
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2 Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-004, Japan
Cite this article: 

Xiaohua MIN, Li XIANG, Mingjia LI, Kai YAO, Satoshi EMURA, Congqian CHENG, Koichi TSUCHIYA. Effect of {332}<113> Twins Combined with Isothermal ω-Phase on Mechanical Properties in Ti-15Mo Alloy with Different Oxygen Contents. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(9): 1262-1272.

Download:  HTML  PDF(5221KB) 
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
Abstract  

β-type alloys have a wide application prospect in aerospace, biomedical and marine engineering and other fields, owing to their high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus. Their yield strength and uniform elongation are affected by the second phase precipitation, plastic deformation mode and interstitial element, especially the oxygen element. In this work, the effect of tensile pre-deformation induced {332}<113> twins combined with isothermal ω-phase after subsequent ageing on the mechanical properties of β-type Ti-15Mo alloy with different oxygen contents from 0.1% to 0.5% (mass fraction) was examined by OM, XRD, TEM and DSC, Vickers hardness tester and tensile testing machine. The results indicated that with increasing the oxygen content, the formation of mechanical twins and isothermal ω-phase in the alloy was suppressed, and the effect of pre-deformation induced twins on the precipitation of isothermal ω-phase was negligible. After pre-deformation combined with subsequent ageing, the alloy with low oxygen content had the relatively high yield strength and large uniform elongation, but it with high oxygen content exhibited the brittle fracture. A good combination of strength with ductility in the alloy with low oxygen content was contributed to the twinning and dislocation slip coupled deformation. The high yield strength was mainly dominated by the dislocation slip, and the large uniform elongation was due to the static and dynamic grain refinement effects, which were caused by the pre-deformation induced twins and subsequent twinning deformation, respectively. Through utilizing the alloying element of oxygen effectively, and changing the plastic deformation mode and phase precipitation behavior based on the reasonable process of pre-deformation and heat treatment, the combination of strength and ductility can be controlled in a large range for the β-type titanium alloys.

Key words:  β-type titanium alloy;      oxygen content      {332}<113> twin;      isothermal ω-phase;      mechanical property     
Received:  15 January 2018     
ZTFLH:  TG146.2  
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51471040)

URL: 

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00022     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2018/V54/I9/1262

Fig.1  OM images of ST (a, c, e) and STDA (b, d, f) samples of 0.1O (a, b), 0.2O (c, d) and 0.4O (e, f) alloys (ST—solution treatment, STDA—ST+deformation+ageing)
Fig.2  XRD spectra of ST, STA, STD and STDA samples of 0.1O (a), 0.2O (b) and 0.4O (c) alloys (STA—ST+ageing, STD—ST+deformation)
Fig.3  Lattice parameter of β-phase (a) and Vickers hardness (b) of ST, STA, STD and STDA samples of Ti-15Mo alloys with different oxygen contents
Fig.4  Nominal stress-strain curves of Ti-15Mo alloys with different oxygen contents
(a) ST sample (b) STA sample (c) STDA sample (Inset is nominal stress-strain curve of Ti-15Mo-0.4O alloy)
Fig.5  True stress-true strain and work hardening rate curves of ST, STA and STDA samples of 0.1O (a) and 0.2O (b) alloys
Fig.6  OM images of 5% tensile strained STDA sample of 0.1O (a) and 0.2O (b) alloys
Fig.7  Area fraction of {332}<113> twins of STDA sample before deformation and after 5% tensile strain for Ti-15Mo alloys with different oxygen contents
Fig.8  SAED patterns of ST sample for 0.1O alloy (a), intensity of diffractions spots of ST samples for Ti-15Mo alloys with different oxygen contents (b) and corresponding ratio of reciprocal distance of d(0002)ω*to d(222)β* (c) (d(0002)ω* and d(222)β* are the reciprocal vectors of diffraction spots of (0002)ω and (222)β)
Fig.9  SAED patterns (a~c) and TEM dark-field images (d~f) of STA samples for 0.1O (a, d), 0.2O (b, e) and 0.4O (c, f) alloys
Fig.10  DSC curves of ST samples for Ti-15Mo alloys with different oxygen contents at heating rates of 293 K/min (a), 313 K/min (b) and 333 K/min (c)
Fig.11  Activation energy (Q) of β-phase to ω-phase transformation for Ti-15Mo alloys with different oxygen contents
Fig.12  In situ OM images of STDA samples before deformation (a~c) and after 5% tensile strain (d~f) for 0.1O (a, d), 0.2O (b, e) and 0.4O (c, f) alloys
[1] Boyer R R, Briggs R D.The use of β titanium alloys in the aerospace industry[J]. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2005, 6: 681
[2] Boyer R R.Titanium for aerospace: Rationale and applications[J]. Adv. Perform. Mater., 1995, 2: 349
[3] Wang K.The use of titanium for medical applications in the USA[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 1996, A213: 134
[4] Kolli R P, Joost W J, Ankem S.Phase stability and stress-induced transformations in beta titanium alloys[J]. JOM, 2015, 67: 1273
[5] Banerjee D, Williams J C.Perspectives on titanium science and technology[J]. Acta Mater., 2013, 61: 844
[6] Min X H, Emura S, Nishimura T, et al.Microstructure, tensile deformation mode and crevice corrosion resistance in Ti-10Mo-xFe alloys[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2010, A527: 5499
[7] Zhao X F, Niinomi M, Nakai M, et al.Beta type Ti-Mo alloys with changeable Young's modulus for spinal fixation applications[J]. Acta Biomater., 2012, 8: 1990
[8] Hanada S, Izumi O.Correlation of tensile properties, deformation modes, and phase stability in commercial β-phase titanium alloys[J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 1987, 18A: 265
[9] Ahmed M, Wexler D, Casillas G, et al.The influence of β phase stability on deformation mode and compressive mechanical properties of Ti-10V-3Fe-3Al alloy[J]. Acta Mater., 2015, 84: 124
[10] Bowen A W.Omega phase embrittlement in aged Ti-15%Mo[J]. Scr. Metall., 1971, 5: 709
[11] Min X H, Emura S, Zhang L, et al.Improvement of strength-ductility tradeoff in β titanium alloy through pre-strain induced twins combined with brittle ω phase[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, A646: 279
[12] Takemoto Y, Shimizu I, Sakakibara A, et al.Tensile behavior and cold workability of Ti-Mo alloys[J]. Mater. Trans., 2004, 45: 1571
[13] Min X H, Emura S, Sekido N, et al.Effects of Fe addition on tensile deformation mode and crevice corrosion resistance in Ti-15Mo alloy[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2010, A527: 2693
[14] Neelakantan S, Galindo-Nava E I, Martin D S, et al. Modelling and design of stress-induced martensite formation in metastable β Ti alloys[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2014, A590: 140
[15] Hanada S, Izumi O.Transmission electron microscopic observations of mechanical twinning in metastable beta titanium alloys[J]. Metall. Trans., 1986, 17A: 1409
[16] Marteleur M, Sun F, Gloriant T, et al.On the design of new β-metastable titanium alloys with improved work hardening rate thanks to simultaneous TRIP and TWIP effects[J]. Scr. Mater., 2012, 66: 749
[17] Han H N, Oh C S, Kim G, et al.Design method for TRIP-aided multiphase steel based on a microstructure-based modelling for transformation-induced plasticity and mechanically induced martensitic transformation[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2009, A499: 462
[18] Steinmetz D R, J?pel T, Wietbrock B, et al.Revealing the strain-hardening behavior of twinning-induced plasticity steels: Theory, simulations, experiments[J]. Acta Mater., 2013, 61: 494
[19] Jeong K, Jin J E, Jung Y S, et al.The effects of Si on the mechanical twinning and strain hardening of Fe-18Mn-0.6C twinning-induced plasticity steel[J]. Acta Mater., 2013, 61: 3399
[20] Mahato B, Shee S K, Sahu T, et al.An effective stacking fault energy viewpoint on the formation of extended defects and their contribution to strain hardening in a Fe-Mn-Si-Al twinning-induced plasticity steel[J]. Acta Mater., 2015, 86: 69
[21] Zhang H K, Zhang Z J, Zhang Z F.Comparison of twinning evolution with work hardening ability in twinning-induced plasticity steel under different strain rates[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, A622: 184
[22] He B B, Luo H W, Huang M X.Experimental investigation on a novel medium Mn steel combining transformation-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity effects[J]. Int. J. Plast., 2016, 78: 173
[23] Min X H, Emura S, Nishimura T, et al.Effects of α phase precipitation on crevice corrosion and tensile strength in Ti-15Mo alloy[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2010, A527: 1480
[24] Min X H, Tsuzaki K, Emura S, et al.Enhanced uniform elongation by pre-straining with deformation twinning in high-strength β-titanium alloys with an isothermal ω-phase[J]. Philos. Mag. Lett., 2012, 92: 726
[25] Min X H, Emura S, Meng F, et al.Mechanical twinning and dislocation slip multilayered deformation microstructures in β-type Ti-Mo base alloy[J]. Scr. Mater., 2015, 102: 79
[26] Xiang L, Min X H, Ji X, et al.Effect of pre-cold rolling-induced twins and subsequent precipitated ω-phase on mechanical properties in a β-type Ti-Mo alloy[J]. Acta. Metall. Sin.(Engl. Lett.), 2018, 31: 604
[27] Niinomo M, Nakai M, Hendrickson M, et al.Influence of oxygen on omega phase stability in the Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy[J]. Scr. Mater., 2016, 123: 144
[28] Kim J, Kim H Y, Hosoda H, et al.Shape memory behavior of Ti-22Nb-(0.5-2.0)O (at%) biomedical alloys[J]. Mater. Trans., 2005, 46: 852
[29] Hanada S, Takemura A, Izumi O.The mode of plastic deformation of β Ti-V alloys[J]. Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1982, 23: 507
[30] Furuta T, Kuramoto S, Rong C, et al.Effect of oxygen on phase stability and elastic deformation behavior in gum metal[J]. J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 2006, 70: 579
[31] Yin F X, Iwasaki S, Ping D H, et al.Snoek-type high-damping alloys realized in β-Ti alloys with high oxygen solid solution[J]. Adv. Mater., 2006, 18: 1541
[32] Min X H, Emura S, Tsuchiya K, et al.Transition of multi-deformation modes in Ti-10Mo alloy with oxygen addition[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2014, A590: 88
[33] Williams J C, Hickman B S, Leslie D H.The effect of ternary additions on the decompositon of metastable beta-phase titanium alloys[J]. Metall. Trans., 1971, 2: 477
[34] Duan H P, Xu H X, Su W H, et al.Effect of oxygen on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr alloy[J]. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 2012, 19: 1128
[35] Min X H, Bai P F, Emura S, et al.Effect of oxygen content on deformation mode and corrosion behavior in β-type Ti-Mo alloy[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, A684: 534
[36] Wang K, Liang Q H, Zhou K, et al.Determination of oxygen in titanium-molybdenum alloy by inert gas fusion-infrared absorption method[J]. Metall. Anal., 2015, 35: 61
[37] Tsuji N, Ito Y, Saito Y, et al.Strength and ductility of ultrafine grained aluminum and iron produced by ARB and annealing[J]. Scr. Mater., 2002, 47: 893
[38] Takata N, Ohtake Y, Kita K, et al.Increasing the ductility of ultrafine-grained copper alloy by introducing fine precipitates[J]. Scr. Mater., 2009, 60: 590
[39] Collings E W, Ho J C.Solute-induced lattice stability as it relates to superconductivity in titanium-molybdenum alloys[J]. Solid State Commun., 1976, 18: 1493
[40] Abdel-Hady M, Hinoshita K, Morinaga M.General approach to phase stability and elastic properties of β-type Ti-alloys using electronic parameters[J]. Scr. Mater., 2006, 55: 477
[41] Abdel-Hady M, Fuwa H, Hinoshita K, et al.Phase stability change with Zr content in β-type Ti-Nb alloys[J]. Scr. Mater., 2007, 57: 1000
[42] Hanada S, Izumi O.Transmission electron microscopic observations of mechanical twinning in metastable beta titanium alloys[J]. Metall. Trans., 1986, 17A: 1409
[43] Crocker A G.Twinned martensite[J]. Acta Metall., 1962, 10: 113
[44] Tobe H, Kim H Y, Inamura T, et al.Origin of {332} twinning in metastable β-Ti alloys[J]. Acta Mater., 2014, 64: 345
[45] Kawabata T, Kawasaki S, Izumi O.Mechanical properties of TiNbTa single crystals at cryogenic temperatures[J]. Acta Mater., 1998, 46: 2705
[46] Litvinov V S, Rusakov G M.Twinning on the {332}<11$\bar{3}$> system in unstable β titanium alloys[J]. Phys. Met. Metall., 2000, 90: 96
[47] Takemoto Y, Hida M, Sakakibara A.Martensitic {332}<113> twin in β type Ti-Mo alloy[J]. J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1996, 60: 1072
[48] Lai M J, Tasan C C, Raabe D.On the mechanism of {332} twinning in metastable β titanium alloys[J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 111: 173
[49] Williams J C, De Fontaine D, Paton N E.The ω-phase as an example of an unusual shear transformation[J]. Metall. Trans., 1973, 4: 2701
[50] Liu H H, Niinomi M, Nakai M, et al.Mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of oxygen-modified β-type Ti-Cr alloys for spinal fixation devices[J]. Acta Biomater., 2015, 12: 352
[51] Niu J G, Ping D H, Ohno T, et al.Suppression effect of oxygen on the β to ω transformation in a β-type Ti alloy: Insights from first-principles[J]. Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2014, 22: 015007
[52] Kissinger H E.Reaction kinetics in differential thermal analysis[J]. Anal. Chem., 1957, 29: 1702
[53] Hanada S, Ozeki M, Izumi O.Deformation characteristics in β phase Ti-Nb alloys[J]. Metall. Trans., 1985, 16A: 789
[54] Banerjee S, Naik U M.Plastic instability in an omega forming Ti-15%Mo alloy[J]. Acta Mater., 1996, 44: 3667
[55] Dini G, Ueji R, Najafizadeh A, et al.Flow stress analysis of TWIP steel via the XRD measurement of dislocation density[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2010, A527: 2759
[56] Idrissi H, Renard K, Schryvers D, et al.On the relationship between the twin internal structure and the work-hardening rate of TWIP steels[J]. Scr. Mater., 2010, 63: 961
[57] Allain S, Chateau J P, Bouaziz O. A physical model of the twinning-induced plasticity effect in a high manganese austenitic steel [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2004, A387-389: 143
[58] Rusakov G M, Litvinov A V, Litvinov V S.Deformation twinning of titanium β alloys of transition class[J]. Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 2006, 48: 244
[59] Zhou X Y, Min X H, Emura S, et al.Accommodative {332}<113> primary and secondary twinning in a slightly deformed β-type Ti-Mo titanium alloy[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, A684: 456
[1] ZHENG Liang, ZHANG Qiang, LI Zhou, ZHANG Guoqing. Effects of Oxygen Increasing/Decreasing Processes on Surface Characteristics of Superalloy Powders and Properties of Their Bulk Alloy Counterparts: Powders Storage and Degassing[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1265-1278.
[2] GONG Shengkai, LIU Yuan, GENG Lilun, RU Yi, ZHAO Wenyue, PEI Yanling, LI Shusuo. Advances in the Regulation and Interfacial Behavior of Coatings/Superalloys[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1097-1108.
[3] ZHANG Leilei, CHEN Jingyang, TANG Xin, XIAO Chengbo, ZHANG Mingjun, YANG Qing. Evolution of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of K439B Superalloy During Long-Term Aging at 800oC[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1253-1264.
[4] ZHANG Jian, WANG Li, XIE Guang, WANG Dong, SHEN Jian, LU Yuzhang, HUANG Yaqi, LI Yawei. Recent Progress in Research and Development of Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloys[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1109-1124.
[5] DING Hua, ZHANG Yu, CAI Minghui, TANG Zhengyou. Research Progress and Prospects of Austenite-Based Fe-Mn-Al-C Lightweight Steels[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1027-1041.
[6] CHEN Liqing, LI Xing, ZHAO Yang, WANG Shuai, FENG Yang. Overview of Research and Development of High-Manganese Damping Steel with Integrated Structure and Function[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1015-1026.
[7] LI Jingren, XIE Dongsheng, ZHANG Dongdong, XIE Hongbo, PAN Hucheng, REN Yuping, QIN Gaowu. Microstructure Evolution Mechanism of New Low-Alloyed High-Strength Mg-0.2Ce-0.2Ca Alloy During Extrusion[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1087-1096.
[8] YUAN Jianghuai, WANG Zhenyu, MA Guanshui, ZHOU Guangxue, CHENG Xiaoying, WANG Aiying. Effect of Phase-Structure Evolution on Mechanical Properties of Cr2AlC Coating[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 961-968.
[9] WU Dongjiang, LIU Dehua, ZHANG Ziao, ZHANG Yilun, NIU Fangyong, MA Guangyi. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Prepared by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(6): 767-776.
[10] ZHANG Dongyang, ZHANG Jun, LI Shujun, REN Dechun, MA Yingjie, YANG Rui. Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Porous Ti55531 Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(5): 647-656.
[11] LIU Manping, XUE Zhoulei, PENG Zhen, CHEN Yulin, DING Lipeng, JIA Zhihong. Effect of Post-Aging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrafine-Grained 6061 Aluminum Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(5): 657-667.
[12] HOU Juan, DAI Binbin, MIN Shiling, LIU Hui, JIANG Menglei, YANG Fan. Influence of Size Design on Microstructure and Properties of 304L Stainless Steel by Selective Laser Melting[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(5): 623-635.
[13] LI Shujun, HOU Wentao, HAO Yulin, YANG Rui. Research Progress on the Mechanical Properties of the Biomedical Titanium Alloy Porous Structures Fabricated by 3D Printing Technique[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(4): 478-488.
[14] WU Xinqiang, RONG Lijian, TAN Jibo, CHEN Shenghu, HU Xiaofeng, ZHANG Yangpeng, ZHANG Ziyu. Research Advance on Liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Corrosion Resistant Si Enhanced Ferritic/Martensitic and Austenitic Stainless Steels[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(4): 502-512.
[15] TANG Weineng, MO Ning, HOU Juan. Research Progress of Additively Manufactured Magnesium Alloys: A Review[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(2): 205-225.
No Suggested Reading articles found!