ELEMENT LOSS OF AZ91D MAGNESIUM ALLOY DURING SELECTIVE LASER MELTING PROCESS

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00212

Acta Metall Sin

2016, Vol. 52

Issue (2): 184-190 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00212

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ELEMENT LOSS OF AZ91D MAGNESIUM ALLOY DURING SELECTIVE LASER MELTING PROCESS

Kaiwen WEI^1,²,Zemin WANG²(

),Xiaoyan ZENG²

1 School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
2 Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

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Kaiwen WEI,Zemin WANG,Xiaoyan ZENG. ELEMENT LOSS OF AZ91D MAGNESIUM ALLOY DURING SELECTIVE LASER MELTING PROCESS. Acta Metall Sin, 2016, 52(2): 184-190.

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Abstract

Magnesium alloys have attracted more attentions due to their low densities and excellent specific strengths. However, proper manufacturing methods are still needed to promote further applications of magnesium alloys due to the shortcomings of conventional processing methods. As one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies, selective laser melting (SLM) was utilized to process the most commonly-used AZ91D magnesium alloy in this work. Element vaporization mechanism during the forming process and the influence of element vaporization on chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the final products were investigated using OM, SEM, EDS, XRF and XRD. The results show that the relative content of Mg in the SLM-processed samples (86.61%~88.68%) was lower than that in the original AZ91D powders (90.63%) , whereas the relative content of Al in the former ones (10.40%~12.56%) was higher than its counterpart in the latter ones (8.97%). This variation matches well with the calculation by Langmuir model, demonstrating that element vaporization of AZ91D mainly targets at Mg. With the increase of laser energy density (E_V), weight ratio of Mg to Al (η) in the SLM-processed samples first increased, then decreased and finally tended to be constant. η of the sample prepared at 55.6 J/mm³ (sample No.8) presented a smallest difference with that of the original powders. A model illustrating analytic relationship between η and E_V was established by mathematical regression with the fitting index R² being 0.858. The sample processed at 166.7 J/mm³ (sample No.1) underwent one of the most remarkable compositional variation and exhibited a typical solidified microstructure similar to the die-cast AZ91D in which net-like β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ precipitates were distributed around the α-Mg matrix. However, β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ content as well as solid solubility of Al in α-Mg matrix was much higher in sample No.1. The enhanced tensile strength and micro-hardness as well as the deteriorated elongation of sample No.1 could be attributed to the composition variation during SLM process.

Key words: selective laser melting AZ91D magnesium alloy element loss chemical composition microstructure mechanical property

Received: 13 April 2015

Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51075164), High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2013AA031606) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NoHUST-2014QT006)

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	Kaiwen WEI
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	Xiaoyan ZENG

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00212 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2016/V52/I2/184

Fig.1 SEM image (a) and granulometric distribution (b) of AZ91D powders

Table 1 Parameters for selective laser melting (SLM) process

Table 2 Chemical composition of the SLM-processed samples (mass fraction / %)

Fig.2 XRD spectrum of the recondensed metal dust

Ji=4.375×10-4γiXiPi0MiT12(1)

Fig.3 Burning rate of Mg (J_Mg) and the alloying elements ratios in AZ91D molten pools under various temperatures (J_Al, J_Zn and J_Mn—burning rates of Al, Zn and Mn, respectively)

Fig.4 η of different samples and the fitted relation between η and E_V (η—weight ratio of Mg to Al in SLM-processed samples, E_V—laser energy density)

Fig.5 XRD spectrum of SLM-processed sample No.1

Fig.6 SEM image of SLM-processed sample No.1 (a) and OM image of die-cast AZ91D Mg alloy (b)

Fig.7 SEM images (a, b) and EDS analyses of α-Mg matrix in the rectangle areas (c, d) of SLM-processed sample No.1 (a, c) and die-cast AZ91D (b, d)

Table 3 Mechanical properties of the SLM-processed sample No.1 and die-cast AZ91D Mg alloy

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