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Acta Metall Sin  2024, Vol. 60 Issue (1): 95-106    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00247
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Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B Alloys in the Cross Hot-Pack Rolling Process
WANG Xiuqi1, LI Tianrui2, LIU Guohuai1(), GUO Ruiqi1, WANG Zhaodong1
1 State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2 School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243000, China
Cite this article: 

WANG Xiuqi, LI Tianrui, LIU Guohuai, GUO Ruiqi, WANG Zhaodong. Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B Alloys in the Cross Hot-Pack Rolling Process. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(1): 95-106.

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Abstract  

TiAl alloys are highly promising for high-temperature structural applications in the aerospace and automotive industries because of their low density, excellent high-temperature strength, and resistance to creep and oxidation. Nevertheless, low-temperature brittleness and poor deformability are the main factors severely restricting the widespread application of TiAl alloys. The process of β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloys results in alloys that consist primarily of α2, γ, and B2 phases, and have superior hot workability. Further thermomechanical treatments are applied to achieve a fine microstructure and enhance the inherent ductility of γ-TiAl alloys. In this work, Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B alloy sheet with ultrahigh plasticity at 800oC was achieved by cross hot-pack rolling (CHPR) and one-step annealing processes. SEM, EBSD, TEM, and tensile methods were used to investigate the hot deformation behavior, and the effects of different rolling processes and heat treatments on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the alloy. The results show that the CHPR sheet had a more highly uniform deformation microstructure along the thickness direction and sheet plane compared with that of a unidirectional hot-pack rolled (UHPR) sheet, which consisted of residual lamellar colonies and equiaxed γ, α2, and B2 grains at colony boundaries. The size of the residual lamellar colonies was significantly smaller and the content was lower in the CHPR sheet compared with the UHPR sheet. This was due to a large number of broken residual lamellae and complete recrystallization under the combined action of a bidirectional shear force and compressive stress during the CHPR process. The high-temperature flow-softening mechanisms of TiAl alloy in the CHPR process mainly included bending and kinked lamellae, β/B2 coordinated deformation, phase-transformation decomposition of α2/γ lamellar, and dynamic recrystallization induced by primary and secondary twinning. To achieve further grain refinement, subsequent annealing of the CHPR-processed TiAl alloy was performed at 1200-1340oC. A multiphase equiaxed microstructure with fine lamellar colonies was obtained at 1200oC and a nearly complete lamellar microstructure was obtained at 1340oC. Moreover, the room-temperature and high-temperature tensile properties of UHPR and CHPR sheets in the horizontal and vertical directions were compared with samples annealed at 1200oC. The tensile properties of the CHPR sheets were more uniform in both directions. The multiphase equiaxed microstructure obtained in the CHPR alloy annealed at 1200oC had the best strength-plasticity balance with a tensile strength of 624 MPa (515 MPa) and elongation of 1.32% (107.0%) at room temperature (800oC). According to the fracture behavior, the fracture mode of these alloy sheets was translamellar or cleavage fracture at room temperature. Conversely, the fracture mode changed to ductile fracture at 800oC, and the failure mechanism was mainly via microhole coupling. The fractures in the annealed sheets (1200oC) had small and deep dimples, indicating optimal tensile elongation. The uniform and fine lamellar structure and equiaxed microstructure can hinder crack propagation and achieve enhanced mechanical properties.

Key words:  TiAl alloy      cross hot-pack rolling      heat treatment      microstructure      mechanical property     
Received:  18 May 2022     
ZTFLH:  TG146  
Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071065);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2007007)
Corresponding Authors:  LIU Guohuai, associate professor, Tel: (024)83686739, E-mail: liugh@ral.neu.edu.cn

URL: 

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00247     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2024/V60/I1/95

Fig.1  Schematics of cross hot-pack rolling (CHPR) process for Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B (TNM-VB) alloy (a), and rolling directions (arrows) and passes (square frames) in the unidirection hot-pack rolling (UHPR) (b) and CHPR (c) processes (ND—normal direction, RD—rolling direction, RD1—initial rolling direction, RD2—subsequent rolling direction after turning 90°, TD—transverse direction)
Fig.2  Microstructures of as-cast (a) and as-homogenized (b) TNM-VB alloys (Insets show the amplifying morphologies)
Fig.3  Macromorphologies of TNM-VB sheets in the UHPR (a) and CHPR (b) processes
Fig.4  Low (a, c) and high (b, d) magnified microstructures of TNM-VB alloy sheets in the UHPR (a, b) and CHPR (c, d) processes observed from ND-RD (or ND-RD2) plane (DRX—dynamic recrystallization)
Fig.5  Low (a, c) and high (b, d) magnified microstructures of TNM-VB alloy sheets in the UHPR (a, b) and CHPR (c, d) processes observed from RD-TD (or RD1-RD2) plane
Fig.6  Hot deformation microstructures of TNM-VB alloy in the UHPR (a-c) and CHPR (d-f) processes
(a) elongated lamellae and B2 phases
(b) ω precipitated from B2 sub-structure
(c) dislocations and twinning in γ grains (Inset shows the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of γ twinning pointed by green circle)
(d) bended and kinked lamellae
(e) γ substructure
(f) DRXed γ grain and secondary twinning (Red and blue lines show primary and secondary twinning boundaries, respectively)
Fig.7  EBSD maps showing hot deformation microstructure of TNM-VB alloy in the CHPR process
(a) image quality (IQ) map (b) phase distribution map
(c) grain boundaries (Green, blue, and black lines show low, middle, and high angle grain boundaries, respectively)
(d) distributions of misorientation angles in γ and α2 grains
Fig.8  Microstructures of as-CHPRed TNM-VB alloy in the subsequent heat treatments at 1200oC (a), 1240oC (b), 1270oC (c), and 1340oC (d)
SpecimenDirectionRT800oC
UTS / MPaδ / %YS / MPaUTS / MPaδ / %
Homogenized treatment6030.145156204.1
UHPRTD7540.89460593100.4
RD7370.3245856874.1
CHPRRD17490.4842258265.6
RD27561.1645854160.8
Annealing treatment (1200oC)RD26241.32424515107.0
Annealing treatment (1240oC)RD26341.0642452180.4
Table 1  Room-temperature (RT) and high-temperature (800oC) tensile properties of TNM-VB alloys in different rolling and annealing treatment processes
Fig.9  Fracture morphologies of TNM-VB alloys in the UHPR (a, d), CHPR (b, e) processes, and annealed at 1200oC for 1 h, then furnace cooling (c, f) at room temperature (a-c) and 800oC (d-f) (Insets show the high magnified images)
Fig.10  Microstructures of the TNM-VB alloys closed to tensile fracture in the UHPR (a, d), CHPR (b, e) processes, and annealed at 1200oC for 1 h, then furnace cooling (c, f) at room temperature (a-c) and 800oC (d-f) (Insets show the high magnified images)
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