Progress and Perspective of Ultra-High Strength Steels Having High Toughness

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00328

Acta Metall Sin

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (4): 494-512 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00328

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Progress and Perspective of Ultra-High Strength Steels Having High Toughness

LUO Haiwen(

),SHEN Guohui

School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Cite this article:

LUO Haiwen,SHEN Guohui. Progress and Perspective of Ultra-High Strength Steels Having High Toughness. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(4): 494-512.

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Abstract

Ultra-high strength steels have been widely used in the critical engineering structures in both military and civilian applications due to the combination of ultra-high strength and excellent toughness. In this paper, firstly, the typical ultra-high strength steel grades that have been employed were introduced, and their compositions, mechanical properties, application and histories of development were summarized with the emphasis on their microstructures and strengthening/toughening mechanism; secondly, the latest progress on the emerging ultra-high strength steel grades was reviewed, including their compositions, microstructures, strengthening mechanism and mechanical properties; thirdly, the newly emerging demands on replacing the currently employed ultra-high strength steels in China were defined, including steels for low-density but ultra-strong armors, the large ball grinding mill, cutters of tunnel boring machine and high pressure fracturing pump; finally, recent research results on ultra-high strength and high-toughness medium Mn steel were presented, which overcame the trade-off of strength and toughness to a greater extent; on this basis, some suggestions were put forward for the future development of these steel grades to meet the urgent national demands.

Key words: ultra-high strength steel toughness precipitation strengthening martensite retained austenite

Received: 29 September 2019

ZTFLH:

TG142

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51831002);Foundamental Research Founds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-18-002C2)

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	Haiwen LUO
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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00328 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2020/V56/I4/494

Table 1 The compositions of typical widely used ultra-high strength steels^{[7,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]}

Fig.1 TEM^[12] (a) and SEM^[29] (b) images of micro-structure of the low alloyed ultra-high strength AISI4340 steel

Table 2 Mechanical properties of typical low alloyed ultra-high strength steels^{[11,14,30,32,36,37,38,39,40]}

Table 3 Mechanical properties of typical secondary hardening ultra-high strength steels^{[20,42,43,44,45,46]}

Fig.2 TEM images of carbides in Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo high-strength steel after tempering at 400 ℃ (a), 500 ℃ (b), 600 ℃ (c) and 650 ℃ (d)^[47]

Table 4 Mechanical properties of typical ultra-high strength maraging steels^{[18,21,22,23,24,25]}

Table 5 Mechanical properties of typical precipitation hardening ultra-high strength stainless steels^{[27,28,57,58]}

Fig.3 TEM images of the surface layers of carburized 20CrMnMoAl steel austempered at 220 ℃ for 32 h (a) and 250 ℃ for 20 h (b)^[66]

Fig.4 The engineering stress-strain curves for deformed and partitioned (Q&P) steels with high dislocation density^[72]

Fig.5 Schematics of the interaction mechanism between the second phase particles and dislocation(a) looping mechanism (b) cutting mechanism

Table 6 Compositions and co-precipitations of ultra-high strength steels^{[61,74,75,76,77,78,79,80]}

Fig.6 Schematics of co-precipitation of nanoparticles in ultra-high strength high-toughness steels(a) precipitation sequence of nanoparticles in Fe-Cu-Ni-Al steelColor online(b) precipitation sequence of nanoparticles in Fe-Al-Cr-Ni-Ti steel

Table 7 Compositions and properties of typical ultra-high strength armor steels^[91,92,93]

Table 8 Compositions and properties of the liner steels in semi-autogenous mill^{[94,95,96,97]}

Table 9 Compositions and properties of the shield cutter steels^[99]

Table 10 Compositions and properties of the fracturing pump fluid end steels^{[102,103,104,105]}

Fig.7 Engineering stress-strain curves of different steels(a) 9Mn, 9Mn-V, 9Mn-V-Nb hot-rolled steels^[106](b) 10Mn-V steel warm rolled at different temperatures and reductions^[107]

Fig.8 Engineering stress-strain curves (a), cold bending picture (b) and bulletproof test picture (c) of 7Mn steel (HR—hot rolled)

Fig.9 UTS and impact toughness of typical ultra-high strength steel grades compared with developed medium Mn steel (7Mn)^{[20,21,22,23,24,27,28,36,37,38,39,40,42,43,44,45,46,89,90,108]}

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