Influence of Solid-State Phase Transformation and Softening Effect on Welding Residual Stress of Ultra-High Strength Steel

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00243

Acta Metall Sin

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (12): 1613-1623 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00243

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Influence of Solid-State Phase Transformation and Softening Effect on Welding Residual Stress of Ultra-High Strength Steel

WANG Chongyang¹, HAN Shiwei², XIE Feng², HU Long¹, DENG Dean¹(

)

¹College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
²Chongqing Tiema Industries Group Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400050, China

Cite this article:

WANG Chongyang, HAN Shiwei, XIE Feng, HU Long, DENG Dean. Influence of Solid-State Phase Transformation and Softening Effect on Welding Residual Stress of Ultra-High Strength Steel. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(12): 1613-1623.

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Abstract

In recent years, ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) has been widely utilized in engineering structures, mining machinery, and military equipment. However, UHSS is prone to brittle fracture and fatigue failure due to high strength and relatively low plasticity. Moreover, residual stress induced by welding process affects both brittle fracture and fatigue failure. In this work, a single-pass butt-welded joint was fabricated by metal inert-gas welding. The base metal was 1600 MPa grade UHSS with a 5 mm thickness, and the filler metal was ER307Si. The distributions of welding residual stress and hardness of the butt-welded joint were measured using the hole drilling method and a microhardness tester, respectively. Based on measured values of hardness in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and softening zone (SZ), SYSWELD software was used to develop an advanced computational approach with consideration of “thermal-metallurgical-mechanical” coupling behaviors. In addition to the strain hardening and annealing effects of weld metal, the established computational model accounted for both the solid-state phase transformation (SSPT) of HAZ and softening effect of SZ. The temperature field and residual stress distribution of the UHSS single-pass butt-welded joint were simulated. Furthermore, the simulated results were compared with the corresponding measured data. The simulation results revealed the effect of SSPT and softening on welding residual stress. The numerical results indicated that SSPT has a strong influence on both the magnitude and distribution of the longitudinal residual stress; however, it has a limited effect on transverse residual stress. Meanwhile, the softening effect drastically affects the peak values of the longitudinal residual stress, while it hardly influences transverse residual stress. When both SSPT and softening effects are simultaneously considered in the numerical model, the computed results of welding residual stress are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.

Key words: ultra-high strength steel solid-state phase transformation softening effect welding residual stress numerical simulation

Received: 13 May 2022

ZTFLH:

TG404

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875063)

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	WANG Chongyang
	HAN Shiwei
	XIE Feng
	HU Long
	DENG Dean

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00243 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2023/V59/I12/1613

Fig.1 Schematic of dimensions of welded joint (unit: mm)

Fig.2 Schematics of arrangement of strain gauges

Fig.3 Schematic of measuring points of microhardness (unit: mm, FZ—fusion zone, HAZ—heat affected zone, BM—base metal)

Fig.4 Schematic of finite element model (FEM) (Inset shows welding direction and relative size of the finite element mesh, V—welding speed)

Fig.5 Temperature-dependent thermal properties of ultra-high strength steel (UHSS)

Fig.6 Temperature-strain curves of UHSS during heating and cooling (M_s—martensite transformation start temperature, A_c1—austenization start temperature, A_c3—austenization finish temperature)

Fig.7 Schematic of softening model (σ_s—yield strength without softening during heating stage, σ_f—yield strength with softening and the peak temperature is 720^oC during cooling stage, σ_t—yield strength with softening and the peak temperature is T_t during cooling stage)

Fig.8 Mechanical property parameters of UHSS

Table 1 Simulation cases

Fig.9 Microhardness distributions of welded joint (SZ—softening zone. Inset shows the location of micro-hardness measurement)

Fig.10 Comparison of computational results and experimental (Exp.) results of welding temperature cycles (Inset shows the locations of P1 and P2 in the FEM)

Fig.11 Distribution of peak temperatures along L1 (Inset shows the location of L1 in the FEM)

Fig.12 Schematics of the top surface (a), the central section (b), and the top surface cross-section (c)

Fig.13 Distributions of welding residual stresses of top surface at longitudinal direction under case A (a), case B (b), and case C (c) of UHSS butt joint

Fig.14 Distributions of welding residual stresses of central section at longitudinal direction under case A (a), case B (b), and case C (c) of UHSS butt joint

Fig.15 Comparisons of longitudinal welding residual stresses along center line of the top surface cross-section between computational and experimental results (a) and local magnified curves (b) under case A, case B, and case C of UHSS butt joint

Fig.16 Distributions of welding residual stresses of top surface at transversal direction under case A (a), case B (b), and case C (c) of UHSS butt joint

Fig.17 Distributions of welding residual stresses of central section at transversal direction under case A (a), case B (b), and case C (c) of UHSS butt joint

Fig.18 Comparisons of transversal welding residual stresses along center line of the top surface cross-section between computational and experimental results (a) and local magnified curves (b) under case A, case B, and case C of UHSS butt joint

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