Effect of Tensile Deformation on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00504

Acta Metall Sin

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (2): 193-205 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00504

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Effect of Tensile Deformation on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels

ZHENG Chun¹, LIU Jiabin²(

), JIANG Laizhu¹, YANG Cheng¹, JIANG Meixue¹

^1.Fujian Tsingtuo Special Steel Technology and Research Co. , Ltd. , Ningde 355006, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

Cite this article:

ZHENG Chun, LIU Jiabin, JIANG Laizhu, YANG Cheng, JIANG Meixue. Effect of Tensile Deformation on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(2): 193-205.

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Abstract

Nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel QN1803 (2.0%Ni-3.5%Ni) has been developed to replace the conventional 304 stainless steel (8%Ni). Both the microstructure and the corrosion resistance of both types of stainless steels in the annealed state have been extensively studied, whereas those in the cold strained state have not been studied sufficiently. The aforementioned stainless steels often undergo cold forming processes during industrial applications, such as straightening, leveling, and bending, etc., which may lead to the changes of microstructure and corrosion resistances as well as the performance. In this study, the tensile tests were performed with different tensile strains for both nitrogen-alloyed QN1803 and the conventional 304 stainless steels. The microstructure and strengthening, as well as the toughening mechanisms were investigated using EBSD, XRD, and TEM. The corrosion resistance and its mechanism under different tensile strains were evaluated and analyzed via electrochemical workstation, acid corrosion tests, OM, and SEM. Notably, the microstructures of both QN1803 and 304 stainless steels are changed from dislocation plugging to α' martensite with the increase in tensile strain. The yield strength of QN1803 stainless steel is 26% higher, while its elongation is 6.6% lower than that of 304 stainless steels, respectively. This could be attributed to both the higher nitrogen content and the lower transition temperature of 50% martensite induced by 30% strain (M_d30) for QN1803 stainless steel as compared with that for 304 stainless steel. As a result, the volume fraction of the strain-induced martensite for QN1803 stainless steel under tensile strain is lower, leading to the lower toughening effect than that of 304 stainless steel. Interestingly, the experiments show that the tensile strain has a minor effect on the intergranular corrosion whereas noticeably negative effect on both the pitting and the sulfuric acid corrosion resistances of both stainless steels. Not surprisingly, 304 stainless steel undergoes a more remarkable decrease in both the pitting and the sulfuric acid corrosion resistances with the increase in tensile strain as compared with QN1803 stainless steel. This could be well understood since martensite could lead to the destruction or deterioration of the passive film on the stainless steel surface, producing an unstable dissolution-generation state during corrosion, thus reducing the corrosion resistance after tensile deformation. In conclusion, the yield strength is enhanced, ductility is slightly impaired, and both the pitting and the sulfuric acid corrosion resistances under tensile deformation are improved by nitrogen alloying. Based on these technical advantages, together with the nickel saving effect, QN1803 stainless steel has been applied in various industrial areas, such as building, construction, and home appliance, etc.

Key words: high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel tensile deformation deformation martensite pitting corrosion intergranular corrosion sulfuric acid corrosion

Received: 21 November 2021

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

Fund: Major Science and Technology Research Project of Fujian Province(2017HZ0001-3)

About author: LIU Jiabin, associate professor, Tel: 13868154476, E-mall: liujiabin@zju.edu.cn

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	Chun ZHENG
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	Laizhu JIANG
	Cheng YANG
	Meixue JIANG

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00504 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2022/V58/I2/193

Table 1 Chemical compositions of QN1803 and 304 stainless steels

Fig.1 EBSD images of QN1803 stainless steel under different tensile states (Martensite is indicated in green color, grain boundary is indicated in black line, and twin boundary is indicated in red line)

Fig.2 EBSD images of 304 stainless steel under different tensile states (Martensite is indicated in green color, grain boundary is indicated in black line, and twin boundary is indicated in red line)

Fig.3 Tensile stress-strain curves of as-annealed QN1803 and 304 stainless steels at room temperature

Table 2 Mechanical properties of as-annealed QN1803 and 304 stainless steels at room temperature

Table 3 Comparisons of corrosion resistance between QN1803 and 304 stainless steels under different tensile states

Fig.4 XRD spectra of QN1803 stainless steel under different tensile states

Fig.5 TEM images of QN1803 stainless steel in as-annealed state

Fig.6 TEM image showing the parallel dislocations (a), and bright field (b) and dark field (c) TEM images showing the blocky microstructures of QN1803 stainless steel with tensile strain of 10% (Inset in Fig.6c shows the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of α' martensite)

Fig.7 Bright field (a) and dark field (b) TEM images of QN1803 stainless steel with tensile strain of 20% (Inset in Fig.7b shows the SAED pattern of α' martensite)

Fig.8 Bright field (a) and dark field (b) TEM images of QN1803 stainless steel in as-fractured state (Inset in Fig.8b shows the SAED pattern of α' martensite)

Table 4 Comparisons of stacking fault energy (γ_SF) and transition temperature of 50% martensite induced by 30% strain (M_d30) between QN1803 and 304 stainless steels

Fig.9 Volume fraction of strain-induced martensite (a) and content of twin boundary (b) of QN1803 and 304 stainless steels under different tensile states

Fig.10 TEM images of 304 stainless steel with tensile strain of 20% (a) and as-fractured state (b) (Insets show the SAED patterns of α' martensite)

Fig.11 Polarization curves of QN1803 (a) and 304 (b) stainless steels under different tensile states

Fig.12 DL-EPR curves of QN1803 (a) and 304 (b) stainless steels under different tensile states

Fig.13 Surface OM images of intergranular corrosion of QN1803 (a, b) and 304 (c, d) stainless steels in as-annealed (a, c) and as-fractured (b, d) states

Fig.14 Intergranular corrosion rates of QN1803 and 304 stainless steels under different tensile states

Fig.15 Surface SEM images of sulfuric acid corrosion of QN1803 (a, b) and 304 (c, d) stainless steels in as-annealed (a, c) and as-fractured (b, d) states

Fig.16 Sulfuric acid corrosion rates of QN1803 and 304 stainless steels under different tensile states

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