<strong>Hf</strong>和<strong>Ta</strong>对镍基粉末高温合金蠕变断裂特征和性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00071

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (4): 583-596 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00071

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

Hf和Ta对镍基粉末高温合金蠕变断裂特征和性能的影响

张浩鹏¹^,², 白佳铭¹^,²^,³, 李新宇¹^,²^,³, 李晓鲲¹^,², 贾建¹^,², 刘建涛¹^,², 张义文¹^,²(

)

1 钢铁研究总院高温材料研究所北京 100081
2 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司北京 100081
3 东北大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110819

Effect of Hf and Ta on Creep Rupture Characteristics and Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ni-Based Superalloys

ZHANG Haopeng¹^,², BAI Jiaming¹^,²^,³, LI Xinyu¹^,²^,³, LI Xiaokun¹^,², JIA Jian¹^,², LIU Jiantao¹^,², ZHANG Yiwen¹^,²(

)

1 High Temperature Material Research Institute, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
2 Gaona Aero Material Co. Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

引用本文:

张浩鹏, 白佳铭, 李新宇, 李晓鲲, 贾建, 刘建涛, 张义文. Hf和Ta对镍基粉末高温合金蠕变断裂特征和性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(4): 583-596.
Haopeng ZHANG, Jiaming BAI, Xinyu LI, Xiaokun LI, Jian JIA, Jiantao LIU, Yiwen ZHANG. Effect of Hf and Ta on Creep Rupture Characteristics and Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ni-Based Superalloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(4): 583-596.

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摘要:

为研究新型镍基粉末高温合金中的重要强化元素Hf和Ta在合金蠕变过程中的作用，本工作通过SEM、TEM和EBSD等表征手段，从多尺度研究了在650~750 ℃范围内Hf和Ta对镍基粉末高温合金蠕变断裂特征和性能的影响。结果表明，添加Hf和Ta可以显著延长合金的蠕变断裂时间，降低最小蠕变速率，提高合金的承温能力和持久强度。各蠕变温度下的断口形貌类型一致，裂纹源区均为沿晶断裂，裂纹扩展区均为混合断裂，而Hf和Ta的添加显著降低了裂纹源区的面积。由于合金的层错能随着温度的升高而增加，蠕变变形机制由650 ℃下的微孪晶剪切为主导转变为750 ℃下的微孪晶剪切和超点阵层错剪切共同主导。添加Hf和Ta提高了合金中MC型碳化物的含量，显著降低了退火孪晶界的密度，有效抑制了二次裂纹的形核。添加Hf和Ta细化了晶界上的M₂₃C₆相并使其不连续析出，强化了晶界，抑制了沿晶断裂。添加Hf和Ta降低了合金在各温度下的层错能，提高了变形微孪晶的密度，增大了位错运动的阻力。添加Hf和Ta增加了二次γ′相的体积分数和平均尺寸，增大了γ和γ′相的晶格错配度，增强了γ/γ′相界面的强化作用。

关键词 ：镍基粉末高温合金, Hf, Ta, 蠕变断裂特征, 蠕变性能

Abstract：

Hf or Ta is widely added to powder metallurgy (PM) Ni-based superalloys to improve their microstructure and mechanical properties. However, research on the mechanism by which Hf and Ta synergistically affect creep performance is lacking. In this study, the effect of Hf and Ta on the creep rupture characteristics and properties of PM Ni-based superalloys at a temperature range of 650-750 ^oC was studied at multiple scales using SEM, EBSD, and TEM. The results showed that Hf and Ta significantly prolonged the creep rupture time, reduced the minimum creep rate, and improved the operating temperature and creep strength. The types of fracture morphologies at various creep temperatures were consistent, the crack source area exhibited intergranular fracture, the crack propagation area exhibited mixed fracture, but the addition of Hf and Ta significantly reduced the fraction of the crack source area. Considering that the stacking fault energy increased with increasing creep temperature, the creep deformation mechanism changed from microtwin shearing at 650 ^oC to microtwin and superlattice stacking fault shearing at 750 ^oC. In addition, Hf and Ta increased the content of MC-type carbides, significantly reducing the density of annealing twin boundaries and effectively inhibiting the nucleation of secondary cracks. Hf and Ta refined the M₂₃C₆ phase on grain boundaries and discontinued its precipitation, thereby strengthening the grain boundary and inhibiting the intergranular fracture. Hf and Ta reduced the stacking fault energy at various creep temperatures and increased the density of deformed microtwins, thereby increasing the resistance to dislocation movement. Moreover, Hf and Ta increased the volume fraction and average size of the secondary γ′ phase and increased the lattice mismatch between the γ and γ′ phases, thereby enhancing the strengthening effect of the γ/γ′ phase interface.

Key words： powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloy Hf Ta creep rupture characteristic creep property

收稿日期: 2023-02-21

ZTFLH:

TF125.5

基金资助:国家科技重大专项项目(2017-VI-0008-0078);钢铁研究总院课题项目(SHI20051670J)

通讯作者: 张义文，yiwen64@cisri.cn，主要从事粉末高温合金研究

Corresponding author: ZHANG Yiwen, professor, Tel: (010)62186736, E-mail: yiwen64@cisri.cn

作者简介: 张浩鹏，男，1994年生，博士生

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链接本文:

https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00071 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V61/I4/583

表1 4种实验用镍基粉末高温合金的实测成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 等离子旋转电极法(PREP)制备粉末形貌，热等静压(HIP)和热处理(HT)锭坯尺寸，及蠕变试样尺寸

图2 热处理后不同Hf和Ta含量合金的显微组织及元素分布

图3 不同Hf和Ta含量合金在不同蠕变条件下的断口体视镜照片

图4 0Hf + 0Ta合金的裂纹源区、裂纹源区与裂纹扩展区交界及裂纹扩展区的断口形貌(a1-a3) 650 oC, 970 MPa (b1-b3) 700 oC, 770 MPa (c1-c3) 750 oC, 580 MPa

图5 不同Hf和Ta含量合金在不同蠕变条件下的蠕变曲线和蠕变速率曲线

表2 各蠕变条件下不同Hf和Ta含量合金的蠕变断裂时间和最小蠕变速率

图6 不同Hf和Ta含量合金的Larson-Miller曲线

图7 不同Hf和Ta含量合金在650 ℃、970 MPa蠕变断裂后显微组织的TEM像及选区电子衍射(SAED)花样

图8 0Hf + 0Ta和0.5Hf + 2.4Ta合金在750 ℃、580 MPa蠕变断裂后显微组织的TEM像

图9 Hf和Ta对热处理态合金中退火孪晶界密度的影响

图10 0Hf + 0Ta合金在650 ℃、970 MPa，700 ℃、770 MPa和750 ℃、580 MPa蠕变断裂后的二次裂纹，及650 ℃、970 MPa蠕变断裂后退火孪晶的TEM像

图11 750 ℃、580MPa蠕变断裂后晶界上析出的M23C6相

表3 各温度下不同Hf和Ta含量合金的层错能 (mJ·m-2)

表4 热处理态合金中二次γ′相的体积分数、平均直径、平均间距以及γ与γ′相晶格错配度[16]

表5 各蠕变条件下不同Hf和Ta含量合金最小蠕变速率的计算值

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