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金属学报  2025, Vol. 61 Issue (2): 226-234    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00571
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
一种 γ'/γ'' 相强化镍基高温合金的蠕变行为
周生玉1, 胡明昊1, 李冲1(), 丁海民2, 郭乾应1, 刘永长1
1 天津大学 材料科学与工程学院 天津 300354
2 华北电力大学 河北省电力机械装备健康维护与失效预防重点实验室 保定 071003
Creep Behavior of a Ni-Based Superalloy with Strengthening of γ' and γ'' Phases
ZHOU Shengyu1, HU Minghao1, LI Chong1(), DING Haimin2, GUO Qianying1, LIU Yongchang1
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
2 Hebei Key Laboratory of Electric Machinery Health Maintenance and Failure Prevention, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
引用本文:

周生玉, 胡明昊, 李冲, 丁海民, 郭乾应, 刘永长. 一种 γ'/γ'' 相强化镍基高温合金的蠕变行为[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(2): 226-234.
Shengyu ZHOU, Minghao HU, Chong LI, Haimin DING, Qianying GUO, Yongchang LIU. Creep Behavior of a Ni-Based Superalloy with Strengthening of γ' and γ'' Phases[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(2): 226-234.

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摘要: 

镍基高温合金由于其优异的抗氧化抗腐蚀性能以及良好的组织稳定性,广泛应用于航空航天发动机中涡轮盘等关键热端部件以及超超临界电站的耐热材料。γ'以及γ''相作为镍基高温合金中主要强化相,在合金中发挥重要的强化作用。本工作研究了750 ℃、120 MPa条件下,不同形貌特征的γ'γ''相强化镍基高温合金的蠕变行为。结果表明,合金中γ'γ''相尺寸变化会导致蠕变变形行为和蠕变性能的改变。合金析出细小γ'/γ''相时,仅少量位错切入γ'/γ''相,并形成贯穿γ基体和γ'/γ''相的连续层错,合金蠕变性能较差;随着γ'/γ''相尺寸增加,位错易切入γ'相,并在γ'相中形成层错,蠕变性能显著提升;γ'相尺寸继续增大,位错在γ/γ'界面堆积,呈环状包裹γ'相,导致合金蠕变性能降低。晶界附近析出的有害Laves相会弱化晶界;在晶界处析出适量的η/δ相能够提高晶界强度,抑制裂纹扩展,显著提高合金的蠕变寿命;而晶内析出的粗大η/δ相则为裂纹形核提供有利位置,加速合金失效。

关键词 镍基高温合金γ'/γ''蠕变行为位错组织演变    
Abstract

Ni-based superalloys have shown great application potential as component materials in aircraft engines because of their excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures. With the development of engine and power plant boiler tubes, the high-temperature creep resistance of nickel-based superalloys has become an important indicator for evaluating the mechanical properties of superalloys. In this study, the creep behavior of the as-cast Ni-based superalloy with the coprecipitation of γ′ and γ″ phases at 750 oC and 120 MPa was investigated. The results show that the creep deformation behavior and creep property change with the size of the γ'/γ'' phases. A number of dislocations are cut into the γ'/γ'' phases, forming continuous stacking faults in the γ channel and γ'/γ'' phases when a high amount of compact γ'/γ'' phases are precipitated, leading a inferior creep property. Increasing the size of the γ'/γ'' phases, the dislocations are easily cut in the γ′ phase and isolated stacking faults are formed in the γ′ phase, which significantly enhances the creep property. Further increasing the size of the γ′ phase, the dislocations are piled up on the interface of the γ/γ′ phases, and the γ′ phase is looped with dislocations, which decreases the creep property. Given the precipitation of the deleterious Laves phases, the grain boundaries (GBs) are weakened. However, the stretch of cracks is restrained, and the creep properties of the alloy are enhanced because of the moderate needle-like η/δ phases in the GBs. The precipitation of the overdose η/δ phases provides a favorable location for crack nucleation and accelerates alloy failure.

Key wordsNi-based superalloy    γ'/γ'' phases    creep behavior    dislocation    microstructure evolution
收稿日期: 2022-11-07     
ZTFLH:  TG132.3  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52122409);河北省电力机械装备健康维护与失效预防重点实验室基金项目(KF2021-03);天津市自然科学基金项目(20JCYBJC00950)
通讯作者: 李 冲,lichongme@tju.edu.cn,主要从事金属结构材料组织控制研究
Corresponding author: LI Chong, professor, Tel: 13021398676, E-mail: lichongme@tju.edu.cn
作者简介: 周生玉,男,1998年生,硕士生
图1  铸态镍基高温合金微观组织的SEM像
图2  不同热处理试样的SEM和TEM像
图3  不同热处理态镍基高温合金试样的高温蠕变曲线
SpecimenCreep life / hCreep strain / %Steady creep rate / h-1
HDA-7257.60.21.1 × 10-5
HDA-81898.60.74.9 × 10-7
HDA-91793.51.52.2 × 10-6
表1  不同热处理试样的高温蠕变性能
图4  蠕变后γ'/γ''相的TEM像及γ'/γ''相平均粒径尺寸统计
图5  3种热处理试样蠕变后微观结构的TEM像
图6  HDA-7、HDA-8和HDA-9蠕变试样断口表面形貌的SEM像
图7  蠕变试样的电子背散射衍射-局部取向差(EBSD-KAM)图
图8  蠕变试样断口附近的轴向变形组织的SEM像
图9  蠕变过程中组织演变、裂纹扩展、变形机制的示意图
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