稀土元素<strong>La</strong>对<strong>AlMgSi</strong>合金性能和微结构的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00298

金属学报

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (1): 107-116 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00298

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

稀土元素La对AlMgSi合金性能和微结构的影响

郑雄¹, 赖玉香²(

), 向雪梅¹, 陈江华²

1 湖南大学材料科学与工程学院长沙 410082
2 海南大学精密仪器高等研究中心皮米电镜中心海口 570228

Impacts of Rare Earth Element La on Properties and Microstructure of AlMgSi Alloys

ZHENG Xiong¹, LAI Yuxiang²(

), XIANG Xuemei¹, CHEN Jianghua²

1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
2 Pico Electron Microscopy Center, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

引用本文:

郑雄, 赖玉香, 向雪梅, 陈江华. 稀土元素La对AlMgSi合金性能和微结构的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(1): 107-116.
Xiong ZHENG, Yuxiang LAI, Xuemei XIANG, Jianghua CHEN. Impacts of Rare Earth Element La on Properties and Microstructure of AlMgSi Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(1): 107-116.

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摘要:

微合金化是改善铝合金性能及微观结构的有效方法。本工作采用硬度、导电率和拉伸性能测试，以及SEM和TEM等表征分析手段，研究了不同含量La的添加对Al-0.75Mg-0.75Si (质量分数，%)合金性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明，随着La添加量的提高，(1) 合金的塑性和导电率逐渐提高，这是由于La诱导形成的AlSiLa第二相的含量及其溶质原子Si消耗量逐渐增多；(2) 合金的强度先上升后下降，强度的上升主要归因于AlSiLa相的强化作用及晶粒细化作用逐渐增大，强度的下降主要归因于固溶强化作用的减小；(3) 合金人工时效过程中析出相的类型逐渐发生改变：加La合金峰值时效态除形成β″相外，还会析出多晶β″相，而过时效态会析出β″/U2、β′/U2和β′/U2/β″复合相。

关键词 ： Al-Mg-Si合金, 微合金化, 第二相, 析出相, 力学性能, 电子显微镜

Abstract：

The 6xxx series aluminum alloys Al-Mg-Si(-Cu) are widely used in the automotive industry owing to their high strength-to-weight ratio, good formability, and corrosion resistance. Micro-alloying is an effective technique for enhancing the properties and microstructure of Al alloys. The effects of varying La additions on the microstructure and properties of Al-0.75Mg-0.75Si (mass fraction, %) alloy have been investigated using hardness, electrical conductivity, and tensile tests, as well as SEM and TEM. As the La content increases, the following observations are made: (1) the ductility and electrical conductivity of the alloy gradually increase due to the increase in the fraction of the AlSiLa secondary phases induced by the La addition and the amount of Si solute atoms consumed by these phases; (2) the strength of the alloy first increases due to the increase in the secondary-phase strengthening contribution of the AlSiLa phases and the grain refinement contribution, and then decreases owing to the decrease in the solid-solution strengthening contribution; and (3) the types of precipitates formed during aging gradually change; besides the β″ phase, polycrystalline β″ precipitates are also precipitated in the peak-aged alloys with La addition, while β″/U2, β′/U2, and β′/U2/β″ composite precipitates are precipitated in the over-aging condition of the La-added alloys.

Key words： Al-Mg-Si alloy micro-alloying secondary phase precipitate mechanical property electron microscopy

收稿日期: 2022-06-16

ZTFLH:

TG113

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52001119);国家自然科学基金项目(51831004);国家自然科学基金项目(52171006)

通讯作者: 赖玉香，yxlai123@hainanu.edu.cn，主要从事铝合金微观结构、性能和工艺研究

Corresponding author: LAI Yuxiang, associate professor, Tel: (0898)66275138, E-mail: yxlai123@hainanu.edu.cn

作者简介: 郑雄，男，1990年生，博士生

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表1 实验用4种合金的实际成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 4种合金在180℃人工时效过程中硬度和导电率的变化曲线

图2 4种合金淬火(AQ)态和峰值时效(PA)态的工程应力-应变曲线

表2 4种合金AQ和PA态的拉伸性能

图3 4种合金PA态的背散射电子(BSE)像和EBSD反极图

图4 4种合金PA态XRD谱和0.4La合金PA态BSE像及第二相EDS结果

图5 4种合金PA态拉伸断口的二次电子(SE)像及相应BSE像

图6 4种合金PA态TEM明场像及析出相长度分布图

图7 Al-Mg-Si合金中3种析出相结构示意图及有无La添加的合金2种时效状态典型析出相的HAADF-STEM像

图8 β″/U2复合相原子分辨率HAADF-STEM像和EDS分析

图9 4种合金AQ态样品的DSC曲线

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