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金属学报  2022, Vol. 58 Issue (5): 623-636    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00507
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
热处理对一种双峰晶粒结构超低碳9Cr-ODS钢显微组织与力学性能的影响
张家榕1,2, 李艳芬2,3(), 王光全2,4, 包飞洋2,4, 芮祥2,4, 石全强2,3, 严伟2,3, 单以银2,3(), 杨柯2
1.东北大学 材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110819
2.中国科学院金属研究所 师昌绪先进材料创新中心 沈阳 110016
3.中国科学院金属研究所 中国科学院核用材料与安全评价重点实验室 沈阳 110016
4.中国科学技术大学 材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110016
Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Bimodal Grain Ultra-Low Carbon 9Cr-ODS Steel
ZHANG Jiarong1,2, LI Yanfen2,3(), WANG Guangquan2,4, BAO Feiyang2,4, RUI Xiang2,4, SHI Quanqiang2,3, YAN Wei2,3, SHAN Yiyin2,3(), YANG Ke2
1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2.Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3.CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
4.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
引用本文:

张家榕, 李艳芬, 王光全, 包飞洋, 芮祥, 石全强, 严伟, 单以银, 杨柯. 热处理对一种双峰晶粒结构超低碳9Cr-ODS钢显微组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(5): 623-636.
Jiarong ZHANG, Yanfen LI, Guangquan WANG, Feiyang BAO, Xiang RUI, Quanqiang SHI, Wei YAN, Yiyin SHAN, Ke YANG. Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Bimodal Grain Ultra-Low Carbon 9Cr-ODS Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(5): 623-636.

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摘要: 

采用粉末冶金方法制备了一种具有双峰晶粒结构的超低碳9Cr-ODS (氧化物弥散强化)钢,通过OM、SEM、TEM、显微硬度和拉伸性能测试,研究了热处理工艺对其显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,超低碳9Cr-ODS钢经正火+回火后为回火马氏体组织,具有粗、细晶分明的结构特征。细晶区的平均晶粒尺寸约为1.6 μm,粗晶区的平均晶粒尺寸约为4.3 μm。同时,基体中存在大量的位错结构,且纳米级氧化物数密度可达约1022 m-3。不同的热处理工艺不会改变超低碳9Cr-ODS钢粗、细晶双峰晶粒结构特征。经热处理后,细晶区比粗晶区具有更高的硬度。随正火温度升高,粗、细晶区的显微硬度先上升后下降,且在1100℃正火时达到最高。正火温度一定,回火温度从700℃升高至800℃时,粗、细晶区的显微硬度先下降后上升。700和750℃回火时,组织得到回复,发生软化,温度越高硬度越低；而在800℃回火时,超低碳9Cr-ODS钢因发生部分奥氏体相变导致硬度提高。25℃拉伸实验结果与硬度的变化趋势一致,随回火温度升高,超低碳9Cr-ODS钢的强度先降低后增加,延伸率则呈现相反趋势。700℃拉伸实验结果表明,超低碳9Cr-ODS钢的强度随回火温度的升高稍有降低。结合力学性能及断口分析结果,分析了双峰晶粒结构超低碳9Cr-ODS钢的断裂机制。经1150℃、1 h正火+ 750℃、1 h回火后,超低碳9Cr-ODS钢具有最优的强塑性匹配。
关键词 ： ODS钢,  热处理,  双峰晶粒,  显微组织,  力学性能    
Abstract：

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel is a promising structural material for advanced nuclear power systems. In this study, an ultra-low carbon 9Cr-ODS steel with a bimodal grain structure was prepared using powder metallurgy, and a superior matching of strength and plasticity was expected by adjusting the soft-hard matching of the coarse-grained and fine-grained regions. The effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of the ultra-low carbon 9Cr-ODS steel were evaluated through OM, SEM, TEM, microhardness, and tensile tests. The results demonstrated that the ultra-low carbon 9Cr-ODS steel exhibited a tempered martensite structure after normalizing at 1050-1200oC, and then tempering at 700 and 750oC. Moreover, it presented the microstructure characteristics of coarse-grained and fine-grained regions, in which the average grain size of fine-grained regions was 1.6 μm and that of coarse-grained regions was 4.3 μm. The dislocation density in the ultra-low carbon 9Cr-ODS steel was very high and the number density of nano-scale oxide particles was up to about 1022 m-3. The microhardness in fine-grained regions was higher than that in coarse-grained regions. As the normalizing temperature increased, the microhardness of the ultra-low carbon 9Cr-ODS steel first increased and then decreased. The microhardness reached the highest after normalizing at 1100oC. When the normalizing temperature increased to 1200oC, the microhardness decreased due to the growth of austenitic grains. Regarding the tempering temperature, the microhardness first decreased and then increased as the tempering temperature increased from 700oC to 800oC. Furthermore, the decrease in microhardness when tempering at 700 and 750oC was because the microstructure was recovered and softened. The higher the tempering temperature, the lower the microhardness. However, when tempering at 800oC, the microhardness increased significantly, mainly due to the partial austenite transformation of martensite. The tensile test results at 25oC showed that the strength of the ultra-low carbon 9Cr-ODS steel first decreased and then increased by increasing the tempering temperature, which was consistent with the microhardness change while the opposite was observed for elongation. The tensile test results at 700oC showed that the strength of the ultra-low carbon 9Cr-ODS steel slightly decreased by increasing the tempering temperature. Moreover, the fracture morphology was dominated by fine dimples and secondary tearing, indicating that the ultra-low carbon 9Cr-ODS steel underwent ductile fracture. Combined with the mechanical property and fracture analysis results, the ultra-low carbon 9Cr-ODS steel exhibited superior matching of strength and plasticity after normalizing at 1150oC for 1 h and tempering at 750oC for 1 h.
Key words： ODS steel    heat treatment    bimodal grain    microstructure    mechanical property
收稿日期: 2020-12-18     
ZTFLH:  TG156.1  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51971217);中国科学院金属研究所优秀学者引进项目(JY7A7A111A1)
作者简介: 单以银, yyshan@imr.ac.cn,主要从事钢铁结构材料研究
张家榕,男,1989年生,博士生
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芮祥
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单以银
杨柯

链接本文:

https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00507      或      https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I5/623

Normalizing processTempering process
1050oC, 1 h, AC700oC, 1 h, AC or 750oC, 1 h, AC or 800oC, 1 h, AC
1100oC, 1 h, AC700oC, 1 h, AC or 750oC, 1 h, AC or 800oC, 1 h, AC
1150oC, 1 h, AC700oC, 1 h, AC or 750oC, 1 h, AC or 800oC, 1 h, AC
1200oC, 1 h, AC700oC, 1 h, AC or 750oC, 1 h, AC or 800oC, 1 h, AC
表 1  超低碳9Cr-ODS (氧化物弥散强化)钢的热处理制度
图1  球磨前后粉末的SEM像
图2  球磨前后粉末的粒度分布
图3  超低碳9Cr-ODS钢经1150℃、1 h正火和不同温度回火后的OM像
图4  超低碳9Cr-ODS钢分别经不同热处理工艺后的OM像
图5  超低碳9Cr-ODS钢经1150℃、1 h正火+ 750℃、1 h回火后的TEM明场像和高角环形暗场(HAADF)像
图6  超低碳9Cr-ODS钢在不同热处理工艺下的显微硬度
图7  超低碳9Cr-ODS钢在不同热处理工艺下的室温(25℃)拉伸性能
图8  超低碳9Cr-ODS钢在不同热处理工艺下的700℃高温拉伸性能
图9  超低碳9Cr-ODS钢经1150℃、1 h正火 + 不同温度回火后的室温拉伸断口形貌
图10  超低碳9Cr-ODS钢经1150℃正火、1 h + 不同温度回火后的700℃拉伸断口形貌
图11  经1150℃、1 h正火及750℃、1 h回火后粗细晶区的晶粒尺寸分布
图12  双峰晶粒结构超低碳9Cr-ODS钢断裂示意图
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