含Cu界面层碳纤维增强铝基复合材料制备工艺及其力学性能研究

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00323

金属学报

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (3): 317-324 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00323

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

含Cu界面层碳纤维增强铝基复合材料制备工艺及其力学性能研究

吕钊钊¹,祖宇飞¹,沙建军¹(

),鲜玉强²,张伟²,崔鼎²,严从林²

1. 大连理工大学工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室大连 116024
2. 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所绵阳 621900

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Compositeswith Cu Interphase

Zhaozhao Lü¹,Yufei ZU¹,Jianjun SHA¹(

),Yuqiang XIAN²,Wei ZHANG²,Ding CUI²,Conglin YAN²

1. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analyses for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2. Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China

引用本文:

吕钊钊,祖宇飞,沙建军,鲜玉强,张伟,崔鼎,严从林. 含Cu界面层碳纤维增强铝基复合材料制备工艺及其力学性能研究[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(3): 317-324.
Zhaozhao Lü, Yufei ZU, Jianjun SHA, Yuqiang XIAN, Wei ZHANG, Ding CUI, Conglin YAN. Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Compositeswith Cu Interphase[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(3): 317-324.

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摘要:

为了改善碳纤维与Al基体的润湿性和抑制Al基体对碳纤维的反应腐蚀，采用电镀工艺结合超声辅助振荡分散法，在碳纤维表面制备了均匀、光滑、连续的Cu界面层。通过真空压力浸渗法制备了碳纤维增强铝基复合材料。微观组织结构分析表明，Cu界面层的引入，使得所制备的复合材料中碳纤维分散好、基体致密度高、Al熔体能很好地浸渗到碳纤维束丝中形成结合良好的碳纤维-基体界面；同时，Cu界面层的引入可以避免Al熔体对碳纤维的腐蚀。力学性能测试表明，与工业纯Al相比，当碳纤维的体积分数为8%时，材料的拉伸强度可以提高143%。断口分析表明，在拉应力作用下，碳纤维-基体复合区域的碳纤维在Al基体中发生了滑移或拔出，因此在碳纤维的滑移和拔出过程中裂纹扩展被抑制，从而大大提高铝基复合材料的强度。

关键词 ：碳纤维, 铝基复合材料, 界面层, 力学性能, 微观结构

Abstract：

Carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite has been considering as an ideal structural material for aerospace and automotive industries due to its high specific strength, high specific modulus, high thermal and electric conductivity as well as low coefficient of thermal expansion. However, for the fabrication of carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, the critical issues are the poor wettability and chemical reaction between carbon fibers and aluminum matrix. In order to improve the wetting behavior and prevent the chemical reaction between carbon fibers and the aluminum matrix, the electroplating technology assisted with ultra-sonic vibration dispersion method was applied to fabricate the copper interphase on the carbon fibers. It was found that a smooth, continuous copper interphase with homogeneous thickness could be deposited on carbon fibers. The carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite (C_f/Al) was fabricated by the melt-infiltration process under pressure and vacuum conditions. The microstructure observations found that the carbon fibers homogeneously dispersed in the aluminum matrix by the introduction of copper interphase. There was no obvious carbon fiber damage caused by the reaction between carbon fibers and Al matrix. When the volume fraction of carbon fibers was 8%, the density of C_f/Al was about 2.70 g/cm³. Compared with pure Al, the mean tensile stress of C_f/Al composite was increased from 59.1 MPa to 144.9 MPa, which increased by 143%. The observation of fracture surfaces revealed the occurrence of the sliding and pull out of carbon fibers under tensile stress. The sliding and pull-out of carbon fibers can refrain the crack initiation and propagation of micro-cracks in the Al matrix. Therefore, the tensile strength of C_f/Al composite was improved significantly.

Key words： carbon fiber aluminum matrix composite interphase mechanical property microstructure

收稿日期: 2018-07-12

ZTFLH:

TB331

基金资助:国家自然科学基金委员会与中国工程物理研究院联合基金项目(U1630129)

作者简介: 吕钊钊，男，1990年生，博士

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图1 碳纤维表面电镀Cu界面层实验装置示意图

图2 采用真空压力浸渗法制备碳纤维增强铝基(Cf/Al)复合材料的工艺示意图

图3 碳纤维表面微观形貌及Cu界面层

图4 碳纤维表面Cu界面层微观形貌

图5 Cf/Al复合材料的微观形貌

图6 纯Al和Cf/Al复合材料的XRD谱

图7 Cf/Al复合材料的界面形貌及界面区域Cu元素面分布

图8 纯Al和Cf/Al复合材料拉伸工程应力-应变曲线

图9 Cf/Al复合材料断口形貌

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