可降解镁基复合材料的制备及其在骨科领域的研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00362

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (3): 455-474 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00362

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可降解镁基复合材料的制备及其在骨科领域的研究进展

欧阳思慧¹^,²^,³, 佘加¹^,²^,³, 陈先华¹^,²(

), 潘复生¹^,²

1 重庆大学国家镁合金材料工程技术研究中心重庆 400044
2 重庆大学材料科学与工程学院重庆 400044
3 兰溪镁材料研究院兰溪 321100

Preparation of Biodegradable Mg-Based Composites and Their Recent Advances in Orthopedic Applications

OUYANG Sihui¹^,²^,³, SHE Jia¹^,²^,³, CHEN Xianhua¹^,²(

), PAN Fusheng¹^,²

1 National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
3 Lanxi Magnesium Materials Research Institute, Lanxi 321100, China

引用本文:

欧阳思慧, 佘加, 陈先华, 潘复生. 可降解镁基复合材料的制备及其在骨科领域的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(3): 455-474.
Sihui OUYANG, Jia SHE, Xianhua CHEN, Fusheng PAN. Preparation of Biodegradable Mg-Based Composites and Their Recent Advances in Orthopedic Applications[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(3): 455-474.

全文: PDF(5436 KB) HTML

摘要:

可降解镁基材料因与骨相匹配的弹性模量和优良的成骨性能，成为21世纪极具前景的骨科植入材料。本工作总结了镁基复合材料在骨修复中的应用现状和发展趋势。首先，介绍了镁基复合材料的制备工艺及其优/缺点，着重分析了增强体选择对力学性能和降解行为的影响，并阐述了镁基复合材料在骨折固定、骨缺损修复等领域所取得的临床前研究进展，证实了其生物活性和临床安全性。随后，讨论了镁基复合材料在降解过程中对干细胞成骨分化的影响及相关分子机制。最后，结合现有临床前研究成果，归纳了镁基复合材料在骨修复应用中面临的挑战，并对其未来发展方向进行展望。

关键词 ：骨科应用, 镁基复合材料, 增强体, 降解行为, 力学性能

Abstract：

Biodegradable Mg-based materials have emerged as a promising class of orthopedic implants in the 21st century, owing to their excellent osteogenic properties and an elastic modulus similar to that of cortical bone. This review summarizes the current applications and development trends of Mgbased composites in bone repair. First, the fabrication methods of Mg-based composites, along with their advantages and disadvantages, are discussed. Second, the impact of reinforcement on the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of these composites is examined. Third, preclinical studies on the use of Mg-based composites in fracture fixation and bone defect repair are reviewed, confirming their bioactivity and clinical safety. Fourth, the effects of the degradation behavior of Mg-based composites on stem cell osteogenic differentiation and the related molecular mechanisms are explored. Finally, the challenges of applying Mg-based composites for bone repair based on existing preclinical studies are outlined, and potential future advancements are proposed.

Key words： orthopedic applications Mg-based composites reinforcement degradation behavior mechanical property

收稿日期: 2024-10-29

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家杰出青年科学基金项目(52225101);国家自然科学基金项目(52301132);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2023CDJYXTD-002)

通讯作者: 陈先华，xhchen@cqu.edu.cn，主要从事新型高性能镁基材料及其制备技术研究

Corresponding author: CHEN Xianhua, professor, Tel: (023)65102633, E-mail: xhchen@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 欧阳思慧，女，1993年生，博士

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图1 粉末冶金法制备镁基复合材料的流程示意图及显微组织[25,29]

图2 超声辅助搅拌铸造法制备镁基复合材料实验装置示意图和流程及显微组织和力学性能[33,37,39,40]

图3 分离熔体沉积法制备镁基复合材料示意图[42]及镁基复合材料显微组织和拉伸性能[44]

图4 增材制造技术制备镁基复合材料实验装备示意图[48~51]

Classification	Reinfor-cement	Mechanical property	Biological property	Application	Ref.
Metal oxide	Al₂O₃	E = 50 GPa, σ_ys = 176 MPa, σ_UCS = 486 MPa, ε = 14.0%	Improves protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and proliferation	Bone screws, bone plates, and knee prosthesis	[61]


	ZrO₂	σ_ys = 160 MPa, σ_UTS = 328 MPa, ε = 11.5%	Bio-inert and nontoxic to fibroblast and blood cells, improves cell viability, and greater bone stability	Artificial knee, femoral head, and bone screw	[62]


	ZnO	σ_ys = 89 MPa, σ_UTS = 94 MPa, ε = 1.7%	Cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility	Bone screws, bone plates	[63]


	MgO	σ_ys= 281 MPa, σ_UTS = 386 MPa, ε = 8.5%	Biodegradability, bioactivity, and good antibacterial properties	Prevent dental and orthopaedic infections	[64]


Metal	Ti	σ_ys = 134 MPa, σ_UCS = 418 MPa, ε = 51.0%	Biocompatibility and good antibacterial properties	Bone tissue and joint replacements	[65]


	Fe	σ_UTS = 178 MPa, ε = 1.9%	Biodegradability and good antibacterial properties	Bone graft	[66]


	Cu	σ_ys = 237 MPa, σ_UTS = 286 MPa, ε = 5.4%	Good antibacterial properties	Prevent dental and orthopaedic infections	[67]


Calcium	HA	σ_ys = 245 MPa, σ_UCS = 388 MPa, ε = 11.0%	Nontoxic and bioactive, excellent cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation, and reduces the release of Mg²⁺	Bone joint, bone screw, and pins	[68]
phosphate


	β-TCP	σ_UCS = 402 MPa, ε = 12.0%	Enhance bone adhesion and bone growth	Bone pin, bone screw	[69]


	CPP	E = 48 GPa, σ_ys = 320 MPa, σ_UTS = 337 MPa	Induce osteoblastic differentiation, do not cause inflammation, higher protein adsorption, and nontoxic to tissues	Bone tissue and joint replacements, dental implant	[60]



	FA	σ_ys = 107 MPa, σ_UCS = 123 MPa, ε = 5.0%	Enhance cell viability and osteoconductivity	Bone graft	[70]


Graphite	CNTs	σ_ys = 245 MPa, σ_UCS = 390 MPa, ε = 15.7%	Biocompatible even in blood contact, no tissue reaction, and nontoxic to cells	Bone screw, bone plates	[71]
	CNTs	σ_ys = 245 MPa, σ_UCS = 390 MPa, ε = 15.7%		Bone screw, bone plates	[71]
	GNPs	σ_ys = 230 MPa, σ_UTS = 407 MPa, ε = 13.0%	Hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and good antibacterial properties	Bone screw, bone plates	[72]
	GNPs	σ_ys = 230 MPa, σ_UTS = 407 MPa, ε = 13.0%		Bone screw, bone plates	[72]

表1 医用镁基复合材料中典型增强体类别及其力学性能和生物学性能[60~72]

图5 生物医用镁基复合材料的显微组织、腐蚀行为和力学性能[69,71,77]

图6 镁基复合材料的体外细胞测试[69,81,82]

图7 医用镁基材料的体内动物实验[85~93]

图8 生物医用镁基复合材料的降解行为及相关成骨机制[95,96,100~102]

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