高容量镁基储氢合金材料研究与应用进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00344

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (3): 420-436 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00344

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

高容量镁基储氢合金材料研究与应用进展

邹建新(

), 张嘉祺, 赵颖燕, 林羲, 丁文江

上海交通大学上海市氢科学重点实验室和氢科学中心上海 200240

Progress in the Research and Application of High-Capacity Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Alloy Materials

ZOU Jianxin(

), ZHANG Jiaqi, ZHAO Yingyan, LIN Xi, DING Wenjiang

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

邹建新, 张嘉祺, 赵颖燕, 林羲, 丁文江. 高容量镁基储氢合金材料研究与应用进展[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(3): 420-436.
Jianxin ZOU, Jiaqi ZHANG, Yingyan ZHAO, Xi LIN, Wenjiang DING. Progress in the Research and Application of High-Capacity Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Alloy Materials[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(3): 420-436.

全文: PDF(5194 KB) HTML

摘要:

随着近年来氢能产业的迅速发展，镁基固态储氢材料及其储运氢系统得到了全球的广泛关注，出现了许多突破性研究和进展。在新材料体系设计方面，高性能纳米镁基储氢材料和改性镁基铸造合金的研发有效改善了Mg及其氢化物的热力学稳定性和动力学性能，实现了材料在中低温条件下的快速吸脱氢和低成本应用。在系统开发方面，借助先进的模拟方法和设计策略对镁基固态储氢系统的结构与操作参数进行优化，实现了镁基固态储氢系统的有效热管理。在工程应用方面，世界首台吨级镁基固态储运氢车落地，多个镁基固态储运氢示范应用和加氢站也陆续问世。本文从纳米镁基储氢材料、改性镁基储氢合金、镁基储氢系统开发和示范应用4方面讨论了镁基储氢材料的重要研究进展，总结了其在氢能储运领域的相关工程示范及应用，并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。

关键词 ：氢能, 镁基储氢材料, 热/动力学性能, 数值模拟, 镁基固态储运氢系统

Abstract：

With the rapid advancement of the hydrogen energy industry in recent years, Mg-based solid hydrogen storage materials and their associated storage and transportation systems have garnered significant global attention, leading to numerous groundbreaking studies and remarkable progresses. In the field of material design, high-performance nano Mg-based hydrogen storage materials and modified Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys have significantly enhanced the thermodynamic stability and kinetic properties of Mg and its hydrides. These advancements enable rapid hydrogen absorption and desorption at moderate or even room temperatures, paving the way for cost-effective applications. In terms of system development, the structural design and operational parameters of Mg-based solid hydrogen storage systems have been optimized through advanced simulation techniques and innovative design strategies, thus efficient thermal management of the storage system is achieved. In terms of engineering applications, the world's first ton-level Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage and transportation trailer has been successfully launched. Additionally, multiple demonstration projects, including Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage systems and hydrogen refueling stations, have been initiated worldwide. This paper reviews the significant research advancements in Mg-based hydrogen storage materials, focusing on four key areas: nanocrystallization, alloying, system development, and demonstration applications. It also summarizes relevant engineering demonstrations and applications in hydrogen energy storage and transportation, providing suggestions for the future research directions and potential applications.

Key words： hydrogen energy Mg-based hydrogen storage material thermodynamic and kinetic properties numerical simulation Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage and transportation system

收稿日期: 2024-10-12

ZTFLH:

TK91

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52201266);国家自然科学基金项目(52171186);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3809103);博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20231546)

通讯作者: 邹建新，zoujx@sjtu.edu.cn，主要从事镁基能源材料方面的基础研究与应用开发工作

Corresponding author: ZOU Jianxin, professor, Tel: (021)54740302, E-mail: zoujx@sjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 邹建新，男，1978年生，教授，博士张嘉祺(共同第一作者)，男，1996年生，博士
邹建新，男，1978年生，教授，博士张嘉祺(共同第一作者)，男，1996年生，博士

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图 1 美国能源部(DOE)发布的固态储氢材料及其体积/重量氢密度指标[2]

图2 通过氢化燃烧法 + 高能球磨法(HCS + HEBM)制备的MgH2-Ni@NCS纳米复合储氢材料工艺流程、球形形貌SEM像及脱氢性能和循环稳定性[21]

图3 纳米限域的MgH2/Ni@pCNF机理[32] (pCNF—多孔碳纤维)

图4 非限域超细MgH2的制备示意图及TEM表征[33]

图5 Mg-Ga合金的制备工艺及性能图[38]

图6 Mg95Y3Zn2合金吸放氢过程机理图[41]

图7 Mg-Ni-Gd-Y-Zn-Cu合金形貌及储氢性能机理图[43]

图8 Mg93Y3Zn2Al2合金的典型TEM表征结果[44]

图9 MgIn到Mg3In的相变和在整个氘(D)释放过程中原位XRD谱[45]

图10 导热油流速对镁镍合金储氢罐平均反应分数的影响及平均反应分数为0.8的横截面上反应分数的分布[52]

图11 H2直接加热型镁基储氢罐与固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)和固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)耦合的潜在应用方案管道仪表流程图(PID)[53]

图12 耦合相变材料的镁基固态储氢系统传统结构与夹层结构示意图[59]

图13 McPhy公司开发的镁基固态储氢材料和镁基固态储氢装置[60]

图14 世界首台吨级镁基固态储运氢装置，第二代槽罐式吨级镁基固态储氢装置，及吨级镁基固态储氢/加氢站[61]

图15 镁基固态储运氢技术在不同工业领域的应用

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