高性能超高压镁合金研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00366

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (3): 475-487 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00366

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高性能超高压镁合金研究进展

付辉¹, 孙勇², 邹国栋², 张帆¹, 杨许生³, 张涛¹, 彭秋明²(

)

1 广州大学物理与材料科学学院广州 510006
2 燕山大学亚稳材料制备与技术国家重点实验室秦皇岛 066004
3 香港理工大学工业及系统工程学系香港 999077

Research Progress in High-Performance Ultrahigh-Pressure Treated Magnesium Alloys

FU Hui¹, SUN Yong², ZOU Guodong², ZHANG Fan¹, YANG Xusheng³, ZHANG Tao¹, PENG Qiuming²(

)

1 School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
3 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China

引用本文:

付辉, 孙勇, 邹国栋, 张帆, 杨许生, 张涛, 彭秋明. 高性能超高压镁合金研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(3): 475-487.
Hui FU, Yong SUN, Guodong ZOU, Fan ZHANG, Xusheng YANG, Tao ZHANG, Qiuming PENG. Research Progress in High-Performance Ultrahigh-Pressure Treated Magnesium Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(3): 475-487.

全文: PDF(2946 KB) HTML

摘要:

镁合金作为最轻的金属结构材料，在减重领域具有广阔的应用前景。但镁合金的强度偏低、塑性较差、耐腐蚀性能不佳，这些缺点限制了镁合金的广泛应用。超高压处理技术能够使镁合金获得在常压条件下无法制备的微观结构和新相，压力和温度的结合为调控镁合金的微观结构提供了巨大潜力，为打破镁合金综合性能之间的瓶颈提供了新途径。本工作聚焦于高性能镁合金超高压研究进展，概述了超高压处理制备工艺和技术特点；重点阐述了超高压处理调控对镁合金的微观结构、力学性能、耐腐蚀性能和储氢性能的影响；最后展望了未来镁合金超高压处理研究的发展方向。

关键词 ：镁合金, 超高压, 强韧化, 耐腐蚀性能, 储氢性能

Abstract：

Magnesium alloys are the lightest metallic structural materials. The density of magnesium alloys is ~1.7 g/cm³, which is ~2/3 of the aluminum alloy, ~2/5 of titanium alloys, and ~1/4 of steel. Magnesium alloys possess high specific strength, excellent casting performance, excellent biocompatibility, good electromagnetic shielding performance, remarkable damping performance, and ease of recovery. They have broad application potential in aerospace, defense, automobile transportation, biomedical, electronic 3C, construction, and energy fields. China has substantial Mg resources. The development of low-cost and high-performance magnesium alloys in the lightweight field can transform resource advantages into industrial benefits while promoting energy conservation and emission reduction in production and daily life. This is strategically significant for the enhancement of the country's technology industry and the achievement of the objectives of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”. However, commercial magnesium alloys currently possess relatively low strength, poor ductility, and corrosion resistance compared with common metallic structural materials like steel and aluminum alloys, significantly hindering the large-scale industrial application of magnesium alloys as structural materials. Many methods exist to enhance the comprehensive mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. Conventionally, the microstructure of magnesium alloys can be modified by adding alloying elements, plastic deformation, and heat treatment. The strength of magnesium alloys can be improved through grain refinement, work hardening, solid solution strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. Nevertheless, magnesium alloys prepared through these traditional methods can achieve excellent strength but at the expense of ductility, leading to the strength-ductility tradeoff in the magnesium alloy. At present, ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) treatment technology can achieve novel phases and modified microstructures that cannot be prepared under atmospheric pressure. The pressure significantly impacts the thermodynamics and dynamic parameters of metallic materials, such as the equilibrium temperature, critical radius for nucleation, interfacial free energy, chemical potential, entropy, enthalpy and heat capacity, and nucleation rate. Thus, the solid solubility, grain size, morphologies, dislocation density and types, twin types and morphologies, as well as the distribution and morphologies of the intermetallic phases of the magnesium alloys, can be modified using UHP treatment combined with temperature. It offers significant potential for altering the microstructure of magnesium alloys, providing new paths to break the bottlenecks between the comprehensive properties. This paper summarizes the progress of the research on the UHP treatment of high-performance magnesium alloys, the fabrication technology, and the technical characteristics of the UHP treatment. Moreover, the effects of UHP treatment on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and hydrogen storage properties of magnesium alloys by modifying the microstructures of magnesium alloys are emphasized. Finally, the future development directions of the UHP magnesium alloys are explored.

Key words： magnesium alloy ultrahigh-pressure strength-ductility synergy corrosion resistance hydrogen storage property

收稿日期: 2024-11-04

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:教育部长江学者教授计划项目(T2020124);国家自然科学基金项目(52371104);国家自然科学基金项目(52171126);国家自然科学基金项目(52202374);国家自然科学基金项目(52331003);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2024A1515013052);广州市基础与应用基础研究专题项目(2024A04J4289);香港理工大学项目(1-YXB4)

通讯作者: 彭秋明，pengqiuming@ysu.edu.cn，主要从事轻质合金研究

Corresponding author: PENG Qiuming, professor, Tel: (0335)8057047, E-mail: pengqiuming@ysu.edu.cn

作者简介: 付辉，男，1988年生，博士孙勇(共同第一作者)，男，1987年生，博士
付辉，男，1988年生，博士孙勇(共同第一作者)，男，1987年生，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00366 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V61/I3/475

图1 常见超高压(UHP)处理装置示意图[16,17](a) diamond anvil cell (DAC)[16] (PTM—pressure transmitting medium) (b) multi-anvil press (MAP)[17]

图2 不同状态Mg-30Al合金的OM像[9]

图3 超高压处理后双相Mg-8Li合金中β-Li相的质量分数及微观结构[6]

图4 Mg-Li基合金超高压力学性能比较[6,26,28,29]

图5 超高压处理对Mg-Al、Mg-Li及Mg-RE合金微观结构的影响

图6 在3.5%NaCl (质量分数)溶液中浸泡不同时间后4 GPa-900 Mg-13Li样品表面的准原位SEM像[12]

图7 铸态和超高压处理Mg-5Ni合金的微观结构[54]

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