深海环境对钛合金应力腐蚀影响的研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00221

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (10): 1469-1484 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00221

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深海环境对钛合金应力腐蚀影响的研究进展

徐玮辰¹^,²(

), 佟向瑜¹^,², 王优强², 张斌斌¹(

), 马超群¹^,², 王秀通¹^,²

1 中国科学院海洋研究所海洋关键材料全国重点实验室青岛 266071
2 青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院青岛 266525

Research Progress on the Influence of the Deep-Sea Environment on the Stress Corrosion of Titanium Alloys

XU Weichen¹^,²(

), TONG Xiangyu¹^,², WANG Youqiang², ZHANG Binbin¹(

), MA Chaoqun¹^,², WANG Xiutong¹^,²

1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2 School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China

引用本文:

徐玮辰, 佟向瑜, 王优强, 张斌斌, 马超群, 王秀通. 深海环境对钛合金应力腐蚀影响的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(10): 1469-1484.
Weichen XU, Xiangyu TONG, Youqiang WANG, Binbin ZHANG, Chaoqun MA, Xiutong WANG. Research Progress on the Influence of the Deep-Sea Environment on the Stress Corrosion of Titanium Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(10): 1469-1484.

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摘要:

钛合金广泛用于深海探测和资源开发的装备设施，但深海的严酷环境对钛合金服役性能提出了严峻挑战。钛合金具有非常优异的耐腐蚀性能，但在深海环境中存在应力腐蚀风险。本文详细分析了深海环境中的关键影响因素(静水压力、温度、盐度和微量物质)以及多种应力(拉伸应力、残余应力和交变应力等)对钛合金应力腐蚀的影响，探讨了钛合金的成分设计和微观组织对应力腐蚀敏感性的影响。目前针对钛合金微观组织对应力腐蚀的影响、钛合金焊接接头的深海应力腐蚀规律、多环境因素耦合和复杂应力影响机制等方面的研究存在明显不足，且研究基本局限于材料水平而未拓展到结构水平，钛合金深海应力腐蚀防护技术也存在一定空白，急需开展钛合金深海防护涂层技术的研发，因此本文还展望了钛合金深海应力腐蚀的多环境因素耦合机制、蠕变-腐蚀协同效应、焊接接头微观组织及残余应力影响、新型防护技术开发，以及多轴复杂应力条件的模拟及其影响下的应力腐蚀行为探究等方面的研究方向。

关键词 ：钛合金, 应力腐蚀, 深海环境, 应力腐蚀开裂, 防护措施

Abstract：

Titanium alloys are extensively used in deep-sea exploration and resource-development equipment. The harsh environment of the deep sea hinders the performance of titanium alloys. Although titanium alloys exhibit outstanding corrosion resistance, they are susceptible to stress corrosion. This study conducted a detailed analysis of the key factors influencing titanium alloys in deep-sea environments, such as hydrostatic pressure, temperature, salinity, and trace substances. The effects of mechanical stresses such as tensile, residual, and alternating stresses on the stress corrosion of titanium alloys were also analyzed. Consequently, the influence of the compositional design and microstructure of titanium alloys on their susceptibility and sensitivity to stress corrosion were discussed. This study highlighted significant gaps, particularly in understanding the effect of microstructure on stress corrosion, stress corrosion mechanisms in titanium-welded joints, synergistic effects of multiple deep-sea environmental factors, and the effect of complex stress conditions. Current studies primarily focused on material-level analysis rather than structural-level assessments. Existing corrosion protection technologies for deep-sea applications, particularly coating technologies for such environments, remain underdeveloped. To address these limitations, this study proposed prospective research areas, including the synergistic mechanism involving multiple environmental factors, the synergistic effect between creep and stress corrosion, the effect of microstructure and residual stress in welded joints, the development of innovative protection technologies, and simulations of multi-axis stress conditions and their effect on stress corrosion.

Key words： titanium alloy stress corrosion deep-sea environment stress corrosion cracking protective method

收稿日期: 2024-07-02

ZTFLH:

TG171

基金资助:国家科技重大专项项目和山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023ME063)

通讯作者: 徐玮辰，w.xu@qdio.ac.cn，主要从事多因素耦合环境下的材料局部腐蚀机制及防护研究;
张斌斌，zhangbinbin11@mails.ucas.ac.cn，主要从事仿生超疏液海洋防腐防污材料、先进功能复合涂层与防护技术等的研究

作者简介: 徐玮辰，男，1987年生，副研究员，博士
佟向瑜(共同第一作者)，男，1999年生，硕士生

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图1 TC4焊缝应力腐蚀断裂机制

图2 实海测试装置示意图[15]

图3 微量物质对钛合金深海应力腐蚀的影响

图4 常用钛合金的4种典型显微组织类型 [87]

图5 Ti-6Al-4V合金显微组织的OM像[88]

图6 Ti-5%Ta-1.8%Nb合金的显微组织[92]

表1 影响钛合金深海应力腐蚀的主要因素

图7 Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo焊件的基材、热影响区和焊缝的显微组织[26]

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