激光增材制造过程中循环热输入对组织和性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00310

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (10): 1221-1235 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00310

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激光增材制造过程中循环热输入对组织和性能的影响

王迪¹, 黄锦辉¹, 谭超林¹^,²(

), 杨永强¹

^1.华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院广州 510640
^2.Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, 637662, Singapore

Review on Effects of Cyclic Thermal Input on Microstructure and Property of Materials in Laser Additive Manufacturing

WANG Di¹, HUANG Jinhui¹, TAN Chaolin¹^,²(

), YANG Yongqiang¹

^1.School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
^2.Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, 637662, Singapore

引用本文:

王迪, 黄锦辉, 谭超林, 杨永强. 激光增材制造过程中循环热输入对组织和性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(10): 1221-1235.
Di WANG, Jinhui HUANG, Chaolin TAN, Yongqiang YANG. Review on Effects of Cyclic Thermal Input on Microstructure and Property of Materials in Laser Additive Manufacturing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(10): 1221-1235.

全文: PDF(4450 KB) HTML

摘要:

激光增材制造(LAM)中逐层沉积形成独特的循环热输入,能对沉积材料产生原位热处理(IHT)效应,具有调整微观结构和提高材料力学性能的潜力。本文针对LAM中循环热输入现象进行了详细阐述,分析了工艺参数、沉积方向、层间延时、基板预热、激光重熔等对循环热输入的影响行为。不同的循环热输入能对晶粒取向、相组成、第二相析出等微观组织产生明显的影响,进而影响其力学性能。循环热输入产生的IHT效应,为改善材料性能和研发新材料提供了契机。因此本文提出了理解和建立成分-工艺-IHT效应-组织结构-力学性能之间关系的理论,进而为基于IHT效应的LAM专用新材料的研究和发展提供启示。

关键词 ：激光增材制造, 循环热输入, 原位热处理, 各向异性, 新材料研发

Abstract：

The unique cyclic thermal input in laser additive manufacturing (LAM) induced by layerwise deposition manner has been one of the hot research topics. This technique has shed light on the potential of using intrinsic heat treatment (IHT) to tune microstructures and enhance the mechanical performance of materials. Therefore, this article elaborates on cyclic thermal input in LAM. Herein, the influence of process parameters, deposition direction, interlayer delay time, substrate preheating, and laser remelting on cyclic thermal input was reviewed in detail. One of our key findings was that the cyclic thermal input can significantly affect the microstructures such as grain orientation, phase composition, and second phase precipitation, which in turn affects the mechanical properties of materials. The IHT effect generated by cyclic thermal input provides an opportunity for material performance enhancement and new materials development. Hence, the understanding of internal relationships among composition-process-IHT effect-microstructures-mechanical properties is critical. This is not only essential for material performance enhancement through tailoring of IHT effect but also provides enlightenment for the research and development of LAM-specific new materials based on IHT effect.

Key words： laser additive manufacturing cyclic thermal input intrinsic heat treatment anisotropy new materials development

收稿日期: 2021-07-29

ZTFLH:

TG655

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52005189);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0203500);广东省基础与应用基础研究项目(2019A1515110542);广东省基础与应用基础研究项目(2022B1515020064)

作者简介: 王迪,男,1986年生,教授,博士

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图1 粉末床激光熔融(LPBF)成型系统和加工过程参数示意图[4,5]

图2 激光直接能量沉积(LDED)系统示意图[6,7]

图3 激光增材制造过程中多尺度、多物理过程示意图[8],及影响循环热输入的主要因素

图4 熔池温度场示意图[5]及金属沉积过程底部和顶部时间-温度关系曲线[16]

图5 循环热输入对LAM成型材料力学性能的影响[21~25]

图6 常见的激光扫描策略及扫描策略对组织织构的影响[40]

图7 原位析出强化和局部微观结构控制工艺原理[50,51]

图8 残余应力形成示意图,及预热温度对晶粒生长的影响[55]

图9 300M钢LPBF过程中微观组织演变示意图[62],及基于原位回火效应获得优异力学性能的AISI 420[63]

图10 IHT效应对微观组织的影响[4,16,64,65]

图11 理解和利用LAM独特热输入行为进行专用新材料的研发路线展望[5,65,71~74]

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