强磁场下合金凝固过程控制及功能材料制备

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00535

金属学报

2018, Vol. 54

Issue (5): 742-756 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00535

金属材料的凝固专刊

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

强磁场下合金凝固过程控制及功能材料制备

王强¹(

), 董蒙^1,², 孙金妹^1,², 刘铁¹, 苑轶³

1 东北大学材料电磁过程研究教育部重点实验室沈阳 110819
2 东北大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110819
3 东北大学冶金学院沈阳 110819

Control of Solidification Process and Fabrication of Functional Materials with High Magnetic Fields

Qiang WANG¹(

), Meng DONG^1,², Jinmei SUN^1,², Tie LIU¹, Yi YUAN³

1 Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
3 School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

引用本文:

王强, 董蒙, 孙金妹, 刘铁, 苑轶. 强磁场下合金凝固过程控制及功能材料制备[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(5): 742-756.
Qiang WANG, Meng DONG, Jinmei SUN, Tie LIU, Yi YUAN. Control of Solidification Process and Fabrication of Functional Materials with High Magnetic Fields[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(5): 742-756.

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摘要:

近些年来关于强磁场下材料加工过程的研究取得了长足的发展和进步。本文综述了强磁场下金属材料凝固过程控制和新材料制备的研究进展。重点介绍了强磁场下Lorentz力、热电磁力和磁化力对熔体流动、溶质分布和组织演变的影响规律;磁力矩对磁性相的晶体取向的作用规律;磁偶极间相互作用对相排列的控制作用等。同时,介绍了利用强磁场下的凝固方法制备MnSb/MnSb-Sb梯度复合材料和梯度磁致伸缩材料、各向异性材料等新型功能材料的研究进展。通过强磁场控制金属材料凝固过程可以有效改善材料的微观组织,并进一步提高材料性能,这为开发新型功能材料提供新的途径。

关键词 ：强磁场, 合金, 凝固, 功能材料, 梯度材料, 各向异性材料

Abstract：

In recent years, the research on materials processing under high magnetic fields has developed rapidly. This paper reviews the progress of solidification process control of metal materials and the preparation of new materials under high magnetic fields. The influences of Lorentz force, thermoelectromagnetic force and magnetic force on the melt flow, solute distribution and microstructure evolution in the alloy, the effects of magnetic moment on the crystal orientation of magnetic phase, and the effects of magnetic dipole-dipole interactions on phase arrangement in alloys were mainly introduced. At the same time, this paper also summarizes the progress of preparing new functional materials such as gradient MnSb/MnSb-Sb composites, gradient magnetostrictive materials, and materials which have anisotropy of crystal orientation by the solidification method under high magnetic fields. The high magnetic fields control the solidification process of the metals to improve the microstructure of the materials and further improve the material properties. This provides a new way for the development of new functional materials.

Key words： high magnetic field alloy solidification functional material graded material anisotropic material

收稿日期: 2017-12-14

ZTFLH:

TG 430.99

基金资助:资助项目国家自然科学基金项目Nos.51425401、51404060、51690161、51574073和51774086

作者简介:

作者简介王强,男,1971年生,教授,博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00535 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2018/V54/I5/742

图1 当磁场为0、39800和79600 A/m时,Si熔体中的温度分布曲线[34]

图2 热电磁对流效果和电磁制动效果耦合作用下的有效扩散系数与磁场感应强度关系曲线[56]

图3 不同磁场强度下定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu (质量分数)合金横、纵截面的BSE像[62]

图4 不同条件下试样的宏观组织[66]

图5 不同磁场条件下保温不同时间时Mn-89.7%Sb (质量分数)合金中MnSb/Sb-MnSb相微观组织[68]

图6 生长速率为30 μm/s时不同磁感应强度下Al-8%Fe (质量分数)合金的微观组织及与之相对应的Al3Fe含量分布[74]

图7 0和11.5 T磁场条件下保温不同时间后的Mn-89.7%Sb (质量分数)合金在纵截面的微观组织[76]

图8 TbFe2 合金经8.8 T磁场条件处理前后的反极图[84]

图9 不同梯度强磁场凝固的亚共晶Mn-89.7%Sb (质量分数)合金的微观组织及对应的初生MnSb相和Sb相沿试样自上而下的体积分数分布图[87]

图10 不同负梯度强磁场下凝固的Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95合金中(Tb, Dy)Fe2相在<111>方向取向度(O<111>)及在3.184×105 A/m时磁致伸缩系数随样品位置变化曲线[91]

图11 Mn-89.7%Sb (质量分数)合金在无、有对称分布梯度强磁场条件下凝固后的饱和磁化强度分布图及对应的梯度磁场分布图[92]

图12 不同压应力条件下,母合金和半固态等温处理合金的磁致伸缩系数和磁场强度的关系[84]

图13 Bi-4.36%Mn (质量分数)合金在不同磁场条件下凝固后的宏观组织图[99]

图14 Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95合金的纵向截面金相照片[100]

图15 Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95 合金在50 μm/s抽拉速率下定向凝固后的纵向组织图

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