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金属学报  2019, Vol. 55 Issue (9): 1204-1210    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00094
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
<111>取向小角偏离对一种镍基单晶高温合金蠕变性能的影响
胡斌,李树索,裴延玲,宫声凯(),徐惠彬
北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院 北京 100191
Influence of Small Misorientation from <111> on Creep Properties of a Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy
HU Bin,LI Shusuo,PEI Yanling,GONG Shengkai(),XU Huibin
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
引用本文:

胡斌,李树索,裴延玲,宫声凯,徐惠彬. <111>取向小角偏离对一种镍基单晶高温合金蠕变性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(9): 1204-1210.
Bin HU, Shusuo LI, Yanling PEI, Shengkai GONG, Huibin XU. Influence of Small Misorientation from <111> on Creep Properties of a Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(9): 1204-1210.

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摘要: 

采用籽晶法制备偏离<111>取向不同角度的镍基单晶高温合金试样。研究了合金在760 ℃、650 MPa下小角偏离对蠕变性能的影响。结果表明, <111>取向附近合金的蠕变性能具有显著的小角偏离敏感性。偏离角度较小的<111>取向合金试样的蠕变寿命最长,蠕变过程中位错主要分布在γ通道内,随着取向偏离度增加,合金的蠕变寿命显著下降。且沿着[1ˉ11]-[011]边界偏离时蠕变寿命相对于沿着[1ˉ11]-[001]边界偏离下降更快。近<111>取向合金都表现出了较弱的加工硬化,但沿着[1ˉ11]-[001]边界偏离的样品,其初期蠕变速率相对较低,对应着较长的蠕变孕育期。进一步分析表明,[1ˉ11]-[011]边界对应着{111}<110>滑移系的共面双滑移取向,在蠕变初期就产生较高的蠕变速率,随着取向偏离度增加{111}<112>滑移系的Schmid因子迅速增加,蠕变寿命显著下降。而沿着[1ˉ11]-[001]边界偏离试样蠕变孕育期的产生则是由于占主导地位的滑移系数量下降且具有相对较低的{111}<110>滑移系Schmid因子,导致位错无法在γ通道内迅速增殖并分解产生<112>位错,延缓了初期蠕变阶段的产生。

关键词 镍基单晶高温合金蠕变晶体取向各向异性    
Abstract

Single crystal nickel-based superalloys have been widely used in high temperature structural materials applications including blade parts of aero-engines and gas turbines due to their excellent mechanical properties in service. Although commercial single crystal superalloy blades are in [001] orientation, misorientation deviations are inevitable in industrial productions and work blades frequently have to endure complex stress states caused by their complicated shapes and temperature gradients. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the creep behavior of single crystal superalloys with different orientations for the design of engine blades. The anisotropic creep properties of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy with different orientations near <111> were investigated under 760 ℃ and 650 MPa. It is found that specimens with the smallest deviation from <111> orientation exhibit best creep strength because of the relatively low Schmid factors of both {111}<110> and {111}<112> slip systems. With the increase of orientation deviate from [1ˉ11] to [011], creep properties decrease more significantly compared with the deviation from [1ˉ11] to [001]. All samples deviate from <111> within 20° exhibit poor strain hardening. While orientations toward [1ˉ11]-[001] boundary have a distinct incubation creep stage with relatively low initial creep rate. Further dislocations and lattice rotation analysis showed that the dominant slip systems are {111}<110> for specimens with minimum deviations. The stress is almost uniformly distributed in three γ matrix channels, which lead to a homogeneous deformation behavior. As the orientation deviation increases, {111}<112> slip systems begin to play a leading role during creep process. While the generation of <112> dislocations is closely related to the reaction and decomposition of <110> dislocations. Specimens on [1ˉ11]-[011] boundary have coplanar double slips for {111}<110> slip systems resulting in a high initial creep rate and poor strain harding. Meanwhile, Schmid factors of {111}<112> slip systems increase rapidly with the increase of orientation deviation from [1ˉ11] to [011], which lead to a significantly degradation on creep properties. While as for orientations along [1ˉ11]-[001] boundary, Schmid factors increase in a relatively gentle way with the number of dominant slip systems reduced from 6 to 2. Multiplication of dislocations and the formation of <112> dislocation ribbons are impeded, resulting in a comparatively long incubation creep stage.

Key wordsNi-based single crystal superalloy    creep    crystal orientation    anisotropy
收稿日期: 2019-04-01     
ZTFLH:  TG132.3  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51771007、51671015);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0700700)
作者简介: 胡 斌,男,1992年生,博士生
图1  试样A~E晶体取向在标准立体投影三角形中的位置

Specimen

Orientation

Rupture life

h

Total strain

%

θ / (°)ρ / (°)Deviation from [1ˉ11] / (°)
A51.037.94.2111.324.3
B45.537.910.458.230.5
C31.234.822.546.038.2
D49.030.09.663.128.0
E48.019.419.27.251.6
表1  不同晶体取向试样在760 ℃、650 MPa条件下的蠕变性能
图2  760 ℃、650 MPa下沿不同方向偏离的样品A~E的蠕变曲线
图3  试样A经标准热处理后沿(011ˉ)面纵剖示意图及组织形貌的SEM像
图4  试样B~E晶体取向倾转示意图与试样C距断口不同距离处组织形貌的SEM像
图5  试样A、B和D蠕变中断条件下位错组态的TEM像
Specimen{111}<110> slip systemSchmid factor{111}<112> slip systemSchmid factor

B

(111)[1ˉ01]0.350(111)[2ˉ11]0.369
(111ˉ)[011]0.350(111ˉ)[1ˉ21]0.369

C

(111)[1ˉ01]0.422(111)[2ˉ11]0.394
(111ˉ)[011]0.422(111ˉ)[1ˉ21]0.394

D

(111)[11ˉ0]0.371

(111)[2ˉ11]

0.428

(111)[1ˉ01]0.371

E

(111)[11ˉ0]0.423

(111)[2ˉ11]

0.488

(111)[1ˉ01]0.423
表2  不同取向试样{111}<110> 与{111}<112>滑移系的Schmid因子
图6  [111]取向沿不同方向偏离的Schmid因子
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