李云龙, 张子润, 于君, 赵占勇, 林鑫, 白培康. 合金化调控Nb-Si基超高温合金强韧化与抗氧化性能的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2026.00109.
, , , , , . Research Progress on Alloying Regulation of Strengthening, Toughening, and Oxidation Resistance in Nb-Si-Based-Ultrahigh-Temperature Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 0, (): 0-.

摘要 相关文章 Metrics 全文: PDF(2250 KB)   摘要: Nb-Si基超高温合金因兼具高熔点、低密度以及优异的高温强度和蠕变性能，被认为是替代传统镍基高温合金、服务于航空发动机热端构件1200~1400 ℃服役需求的重要候选材料。该类合金通常由铌基固溶体(Nbss)与硅化物构成，其中 Nbss 有利于改善室温韧性，硅化物则赋予材料较高的高温强度和热稳定性。然而，由于脆性硅化物主导的裂纹萌生和扩展、Nbss连续性不足以及高温氧化过程中难以形成稳定保护膜等问题，使Nb-Si基超高温合金面临室温断裂韧性不足与高温抗氧化性能差的瓶颈。本文围绕Nb-Si基超高温合金的制备工艺-组织-性能之间的关系，系统综述了定向凝固、电弧熔炼、粉末冶金和增材制造等制备工艺对其相组成、组织特征与性能的影响，重点归纳了Ti、Zr、Mo、Cr、Al、B、Ta、Hf及稀土元素在组织优化、强韧化和抗氧化性能调控中的作用规律，并进一步总结了多元合金化在抑制Nb3Si生成、稳定有利硅化物、维持Nbss连续性及形成保护性氧化层方面的协同与负协同效应。最后，针对当前研究中存在的性能评价标准不统一、成分-工艺耦合规律不清及强韧化与抗氧化性能协同设计不足等问题，提出了面向极端服役环境的Nb-Si基超高温合金设计思路与发展方向。 关键词 ： Nb-Si基超高温合金,  合金化调控,  相稳定,  组织优化,  断裂韧性,  高温抗氧化性     Abstract：Nb–Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys are considered promising candidates to replace conventional Ni-based superalloys in hot-end aerospace components operating at 1200–1400 °C owing to their high melting point, low density, high-temperature strength, and creep resistance. Their microstructures generally comprise a niobium solid solution (Nbss) and silicide phases, with the Nbss providing room-temperature toughness and the silicides imparting high-temperature strength and thermal stability. However, the inherent brittleness of the silicides, insufficient continuity of the Nbss phase, and the difficulty of forming a stable protective oxide scale at elevated temperatures create a long-standing trade-off between room-temperature fracture toughness and high-temperature oxidation resistance, thereby severely limiting the engineering applications of these alloys. This review focuses on the relationships among processing technology, microstructure, and properties in Nb–Si-based alloys. The effects of directional solidification, arc melting, powder metallurgy, and additive manufacturing on phase constitution, microstructural characteristics, and properties are systematically summarized. Particular attention is given to the roles of Ti, Zr, Mo, Cr, Al, B, Ta, Hf, and rare-earth elements in phase stabilization, microstructure optimization, strengthening, toughening, and oxidation resistance. In addition, the synergistic and antagonistic effects of multi-element alloying are discussed in terms of suppressing Nb3Si formation, stabilizing beneficial silicides, maintaining Nbss continuity, and promoting the formation of protective oxide scales. Finally, current challenges, including the lack of unified performance evaluation criteria, insufficient understanding of composition–process coupling, and limited design strategies for simultaneously enhancing toughness and oxidation resistance, are highlighted. Future directions for the design and development of high-performance Nb–Si based ultrahigh-temperature alloys for extreme service environments are also proposed. Key words： Nb-Si based ultrahigh-temperature alloys    alloying design    phase stability    microstructural optimization    fracture toughness    high-temperature oxidation resistance 收稿日期: 2026-04-16      服务 把本文推荐给朋友 加入引用管理器 E-mail Alert RSS 作者相关文章 李云龙 张子润 于君 赵占勇 林鑫 白培康 44.8K 链接本文: https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2026.00109      或      https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y0/V/I/0 [1] 唐景韬, 姚英杰, 张游游, 吴文华, 李宇博, 陈浩, 杨志刚. 高强钢中亚稳奥氏体对断裂韧性影响的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(1): 77-87. [2] 朱满, 张成, 许军锋, 坚增运, 惠增哲. CrNbTiVAl x 难熔高熵合金的组织、力学性能和高温氧化行为[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(1): 88-98. [3] 谷瑞成, 张健, 张明阳, 刘艳艳, 王绍钢, 焦大, 刘增乾, 张哲峰. 三维互穿结构SiC晶须骨架增强镁基复合材料制备及其力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(7): 857-867. [4] 胡晨, 潘帅, 黄明欣. 高强高韧异质结构温轧TWIP钢[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(11): 1519-1526. [5] 陈瑞润, 陈德志, 王琪, 王墅, 周哲丞, 丁宏升, 傅恒志. Nb-Si基超高温合金及其定向凝固工艺的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(9): 1141-1154. [6] 白静, 石少锋, 王锦龙, 王帅, 赵骧. Ni-Mn-Ga-Ti铁磁形状记忆合金的相稳定性和磁性能的第一性原理计算[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(3): 369-375. [7] 李一哲, 龚宝明, 刘秀国, 王东坡, 邓彩艳. 面外拘束效应对单边缺口拉伸试样断裂韧性的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(12): 1785-1791. [8] 白静,李泽,万震,赵骧. Ni-Mn-Ga-Cu铁磁形状记忆合金的晶体结构、相稳定性和磁性能的第一性原理研究[J]. 金属学报, 2017, 53(1): 83-89. [9] 冯祥利,王磊,刘杨. Q460钢焊接接头组织及动态断裂行为的研究*[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(7): 787-796. [10] 沈勇,徐坚. Zr46.9Cu45.5Al5.6Y2.0金属玻璃含B2-CuZr相内生复合材料的制备及其力学性能*[J]. 金属学报, 2015, 51(11): 1407-1415. [11] 朱振东,徐坚. Cu56Hf27Ti17块体金属玻璃的缺口韧性[J]. 金属学报, 2013, 49(8): 969-975. [12] 毕宗岳,杨军,牛靖,张建勋. X100高强管线钢焊接接头的断裂韧性[J]. 金属学报, 2013, 49(5): 576-582. [13] 孙茜,王晓南,章顺虎,杜林秀,邸洪双. 显微组织对新型热轧纳米析出强化钢断裂韧性的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2013, 49(12): 1501-1507. [14] 周小卫 沈以赴 顾冬冬. 双脉冲电沉积纳米晶Ni-CeO2复合镀层的微观结构及其高温抗氧化性能[J]. 金属学报, 2012, 48(8): 957-964. [15] 贾晓娇 张军 苏海军 宋衎 刘林 傅恒志. 激光悬浮区熔Al2O3基共晶自生复合材料微观组织与力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2012, 48(12): 1479-1486. Viewed Full text Abstract Cited   Shared      Discussed