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金属学报  2024, Vol. 60 Issue (6): 743-759    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00393
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Mg-Zn系合金热裂行为的研究进展
王峰1,2,3(), 白盛巍1,2, 王志1,2, 杜旭东1,2(), 周乐1,2, 毛萍莉1,2, 魏子淇1,2, 李瑾伟3
1 沈阳工业大学 材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110870
2 沈阳工业大学 辽宁省镁合金及成形技术重点实验室 沈阳 110870
3 辽宁帝德科技有限公司 辽宁省汽车轻量化专业技术创新中心 铁岭 112611
Research Progress on Hot Tearing Behavior of Mg-Zn Series Alloys
WANG Feng1,2,3(), BAI Shengwei1,2, WANG Zhi1,2, DU Xudong1,2(), ZHOU Le1,2, MAO Pingli1,2, WEI Ziqi1,2, LI Jinwei3
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
2 Key Laboratory of Magnesium Alloys and the Processing Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
3 Liaoning Automobile Lightweight Technology Professional Innovation Center, Liaoning Dide Technology Co. Ltd., Tieling 112611, China
引用本文:

王峰, 白盛巍, 王志, 杜旭东, 周乐, 毛萍莉, 魏子淇, 李瑾伟. Mg-Zn系合金热裂行为的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(6): 743-759.
Feng WANG, Shengwei BAI, Zhi WANG, Xudong DU, Le ZHOU, Pingli MAO, Ziqi WEI, Jinwei LI. Research Progress on Hot Tearing Behavior of Mg-Zn Series Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(6): 743-759.

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摘要: 

Mg-Zn系合金是镁合金中重要的合金体系之一，因其具有丰富的相组成、突出的变形能力和时效强化效果而备受关注，在航空航天、汽车工业及生物医疗等领域显示出较大的应用潜力。但是Mg-Zn系合金凝固温度区间宽、收缩量大，导致合金存在较大的热裂敏感性，一定程度上限制了该系合金的应用。因此，开展Mg-Zn系合金热裂行为的研究具有重要意义。本文归纳总结了热裂理论、合金元素及铸造工艺参数对Mg-Zn系合金热裂敏感性的影响，以及Mg-Zn系合金热裂行为数值模拟的研究现状；揭示了Mg-Zn系合金微观组织及凝固特性参数对热裂敏感性的作用机理，并提出了目前镁合金热裂行为研究的不足与建议，以期为Mg-Zn系合金的设计及应用提供指导。
关键词 ： Mg-Zn系合金,  热裂敏感性,  显微组织,  工艺参数    
Abstract：

Mg-Zn series alloys, an important alloy system among magnesium alloys, have garnered considerable attention due to their rich phase composition, outstanding deformability, and aging strengthening effects. These alloys demonstrate great potential for applications in the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries. However, the wide solidification temperature range and large shrinkage of these alloys render them largely susceptible to hot tearing, limiting their applications to a certain extent. Thus, investigating the hot tearing behavior of Mg-Zn series alloys is important. In this paper, a comprehensive summary of theories pertaining to hot tearing, the effects of alloying elements and casting process parameters on the susceptibility of Mg-Zn series alloys to hot tearing, and the current status of research on the numerical simulation of this phenomenon are presented. Furthermore, this article discusses the influence of microstructure and solidification parameters of Mg-Zn series alloys on their hot tearing susceptibility and proposes limitations and suggestions for the current research on the hot tearing behavior of magnesium alloys to guide the design and application of Mg-Zn series alloys.
Key words： Mg-Zn series alloys    hot tearing susceptibility    microstructure    processing parameter
收稿日期: 2023-09-19     
ZTFLH:  TG146.2  
基金资助:辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目(重点攻关项目)(JYTZD2023108);辽宁省高水平创新团队项目(XLYC-1908006);辽宁省自然科学基金博士启动项目(2022-BS-179);辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKMZ20220462)
通讯作者: 王 峰，wf9709@126.com，主要从事高性能轻质合金及轻量化技术研究;
杜旭东，dxd9297@126.com，主要从事高性能低热裂敏感性镁合金研究;
Corresponding author: WANG Feng, professor, Tel: 15002424621, E-mail: wf9709@126.com;
DU Xudong, Tel: 13940206929, E-mail: dxd9297@126.com
作者简介: 王 峰，男，1978年生，教授，博士
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链接本文:

https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00393      或      https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V60/I6/743

图1  合金凝固过程重要参数与阶段[10]
ElementMaximum solid solutionMain secondary phase formed by
Mass fraction / %Atomic fraction / %alloying element in Mg-Zn alloy
Y12.5[27]3.75[35]

I (Mg3Zn6Y), W (Mg3Zn3Y2),

LPSO (Mg12YZn)

Nd~3[28]~1[35]Mg12Nd, T-phase ((MgZn)92Nd8)
Gd23.5[29]4.53[35]W (Mg3Zn3Gd2), I (Mg3Zn6Gd)
Al12.7[30]11.8[35]Mg17Al12
Zr3.8[31]1.0[36]-
Ca1.35[32]0.82[35]Ca2Mg6Zn3
Cu0.013[33]-MgZnCu
Zn6.2[34]2.4[35]MgZn, MgZn2, Mg7Zn3
Sn14.5[26]3.35[26]MgZnSn
表1  常见合金元素在Mg中的最大固溶度[26~36]

Alloy

mass fraction / %

Alloy with peak HTS mass fraction / %

Alloy with valley HTS

mass fraction / %

Processing parameter
Tmold / oCTpour / oC
Mg-1.5Zn-xY (x = 0.2, 2, 4)[37]Mg-1.5Zn-0.2YMg-1.5Zn-4Y250750

Mg-4.5Zn-xY (x = 0, 0.4, 0.9, 2)[38]

Mg-4.5Zn-0.4Y

Mg-4.5Zn-0.9Y

Mg-4.5Zn-2Y250750
Mg-4.5Zn-0.9Y

Mg-4.5Zn,

Mg-4.5Zn-2Y

450750
Mg-xZn-2xY (x = 1, 1.67, 2.67)[39]Mg-1.67Zn-3.34YMg-2.67Zn-5.34Y250720
Mg-4.5Zn-xY-0.5Zr (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6)[40]Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-0.5ZrMg-4.5Zn-6Y-0.5Zr200720
Mg-1Zn-xY (x = 1, 1.33, 2)[41]Mg-1Zn-1YMg-1Zn-1.33Y250750
Mg-1Zn-xY (x = 1, 2, 3)[42]Mg-1Zn-1YMg-1Zn-3Y250750
Mg-6.5Zn-xY-0.5Zr (x = 1, 2, 4, 6)[43]Mg-6.5Zn-6Y-0.5ZrMg-6.5Zn-2Y-0.5Zr200720

Mg-5(Zn + Y)-0.5Zr (Mg-2.5Zn-2.5Y-0.5Zr,

Mg-3Zn-2Y-0.5Zr, Mg-3.75Zn-1.25Y-0.5Zr,

Mg-4.29Zn-0.71Y-0.5Zr)[44]

Mg-3.75Zn-1.25Y-0.5Zr

Mg-2.5Zn-2.5Y-0.5Zr

200

700

Mg-xZn-0.5Y-0.5Zr (x = 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5)[45]Mg-1.5Zn-0.5Y-0.5ZrMg-4.5Zn-0.5Y-0.5Zr280700
Mg-xZn-2Y (x = 0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5)[46]Mg-1.5Zn-2YMg-2Y250750
Mg-xZn-4Y-0.5Zr (x = 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3)[47]Mg-1.5Zn-4Y-0.5ZrMg-4Y-0.5Zr200720
表2  Mg-Zn-Y系合金热裂敏感性的研究结果[37~47]

Alloy

mass fraction / %

Alloy with peak HTS mass fraction / %Alloy with valley HTS mass fraction / %Processing parameter
Tmold / oCTpour / oC
Mg-6Zn-xCu-0.6Zr (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3)[66]Mg-6Zn-0.6ZrMg-6Zn-3Cu-0.6Zr250750
Mg-7Zn-xCu-0.6Zr (x = 0, 1, 2, 3)[67]Mg-7Zn-0.6ZrMg-7Zn-3Cu-0.6Zr250700
表3  Mg-Zn-Cu系合金热裂敏感性的研究结果[66,67]

Alloy mass fraction / %

Alloy with peak HTS

mass fraction / %

Alloy with valley HTS

mass fraction / %

Processing parameter
Tmold / oCTpour / oC
Mg-xZn-0.5Ca (x = 0, 2, 4, 6)[61]-Mg-6Zn-0.5Ca250750
Mg-4Zn-0.5CaMg-0.5Ca450750
Mg-xZn-2Ca (x = 0, 0.5, 1.5, 4, 6)[70]

Mg-0.5Zn-2Ca,

Mg-1.5Zn-2Ca

Mg-6Zn-2Ca250750
Mg-1.5Zn-2Ca

Mg-2Ca,

Mg-6Zn-2Ca

450750
Mg-1.5Zn-xCa (x =1, 2, 3, 4)[71]Mg-1.5Zn-1CaMg-1.5Zn-4Ca200720
Mg-4Zn-xCa-0.3Zr (x = 0.5, 1,1.5, 2)[72]Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-0.3ZrMg-4Zn-1.5Ca-0.3Zr270700
表4  Mg-Zn-Ca系合金热裂敏感性的研究结果[61,70~72]

Alloy mass fraction / %

Secondary phase in alloy

Most effective secondary phase reducing the HTS of the alloy

Mg-4.5Zn-xY-yNd (x + y = 6, x = 0, 1, 3, 6)[79]

I (Mg3Zn6Y, Mg3Zn6(Y, Nd)),

W (Mg3Zn3Y2, Mg3Zn3(Y, Nd)2),

T ((MgZn)92Nd8)

W (Mg3Zn3(Y, Nd)2)

Mg-xZn-7Gd-5Y-0.5Zr (x = 0, 3, 7, 13)[80]

Mg5(Gd, Y),

LPSO (Mg12Zn(Gd, Y)),

W (Mg3Zn3(Gd,Y)2),

I (Mg3Zn6(Gd,Y))

Mg3Zn3(Gd, Y)2

Mg-6Zn-1Cu-xY-0.6Zr (x = 0, 1, 2, 3)[81]

MgZnCu, I (Mg3YZn6), MgZn2,

W (Mg3Y2Zn3, Mg3(Zn, Cu)3Y2)

W (Mg3(Zn, Cu)3Y2)
Mg-4Zn-xSn-1Ca (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2)[83]CaMgSn, Ca2Mg6Zn3Ca2Mg6Zn3
Mg-0.5Zn-4Al-(0.5%-2.0%)Ca-(0.5%-2.0%)La[85]Al11La3, Al2CaAl2Ca

Mg-2Zn-(3 + 0.5x)Y-xAl (x = 0, 2, 3; atomic fraction, %)[86],

Mg-2Zn-3Y-xAl (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2)[87]

Al2Y + Al3Y, W (Mg3Y2Zn3),

LPSO (Mg12ZnY)

Al2Y
表5  复合加入合金元素后Mg-Zn-X-Y(-Z)合金中的第二相及对合金热裂敏感性降低效果最优的第二相[79~81,83,85~87]
图2  外加交变磁场的“T”型热裂测试装置示意图[96]
图3  无磁场及低频交变磁场处理后Mg-4Zn-1.5Ca合金热裂纹部位的SEM像、组织形貌[95]与热裂纹补缩示意图[96]
图4  低频交变磁场处理下MgZnCu相团聚和球化示意图，及MgZnCu相的SEM像[94]
图5  Mg-1Zn-xY[42]合金及Mg-xZn-2Y[46]合金热裂纹宏观照片及数值模拟结果云图
PhaseConditionEffect
High melting point eutectic phaseLow volume

Increasing the non-uniform nucleation site;

refining the grains;

increasing the content of the liquid film subjected to shrinkage stress/strain;
reducing the HTS of the alloy
High volumeBlocking the feeding channel;
reducing the feeding efficiency of alloy at the end of solidification;
increasing the HTS of the alloy

Low melting point eutectic phase

Thci < TLMPE

Liquid film theory and intergranular bridging theory:

The low melting eutectic phase precipitated before hot tearing initiation acts as “bridges” to fix the grain boundary on both sides. Under the action of surface tension and bridge, the intergranular bonding force improved

Thci ≥ TLMPE

Liquid film theory:

The intergranular binding force is only provided by the surface tension of the liquid film covering the dendrite surface
表6  第二相种类对镁合金热裂行为的作用机理
图6  几种不同合金的凝固温度区间与合金热裂敏感性间的关系[44,47,95]
图7  Y[43]、Al[76]、Ca[72]元素对Mg-Zn二元合金凝固温度区间及热裂敏感性的影响
图8  合金凝固过程示意图
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