异构金属材料及其塑性变形与应变硬化

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00327

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (11): 1349-1359 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00327

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

异构金属材料及其塑性变形与应变硬化

武晓雷¹(

), 朱运田²^,³(

)

^1.中国科学院力学研究所非线性力学国家重点实验室北京 100190
^2.香港城市大学材料科学与工程系香港 999077
^3.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016

Heterostructured Metallic Materials: Plastic Deformation and Strain Hardening

WU Xiaolei¹(

), ZHU Yuntian²^,³(

)

^1.State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^2.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
^3.Shenyang National Laboratory of Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

武晓雷, 朱运田. 异构金属材料及其塑性变形与应变硬化[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(11): 1349-1359.
Xiaolei WU, Yuntian ZHU. Heterostructured Metallic Materials: Plastic Deformation and Strain Hardening[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(11): 1349-1359.

全文: PDF(1875 KB) HTML

摘要:

金属材料异构(heterostructure)是将具有显著流变应力差异的软硬相间区域作为基元进行有序构筑而成的微观组织,是旨在提高应变硬化能力和拉伸塑性的微结构设计策略,迄今应用于各种金属结构材料并获得了强度与塑性/韧性等力学性能的优异匹配。异构策略的出发点是其特征的力学响应,即塑性变形时在异构基元界面形成的应变梯度,异构的特征应力应变响应是力学迟滞环。相比均质结构中主导的林位错塑性和林硬化,异构为了协调界面应变梯度而产生几何必需位错,新增了基于几何必需位错的异质塑性变形并引起额外的应变硬化与额外的强化。本文综述了近期异构金属材料的研究进展,首先定义了异构中基元并据此把异构分类为基元异构、亚基元异构以及复合异构,随后分析并讨论了异构塑性变形时界面和位错等微结构演化,以及异质塑性变形、应变硬化和强化行为,最后展望了异构提升宏观力学性能匹配的潜力。

关键词 ：异构, 异构基元, 应变梯度, 几何必需位错, 应变硬化, 塑性, 梯度结构, 层状结构

Abstract：

Strong and tough metallic materials are desired for light-weight structural applications in transportation and aerospace industries. Recently, heterostructures have been found to possess unprecedented strength-and-ductility synergy, which is until now considered impossible to achieve. Heterostructured metallic materials comprise heterogeneous zones with dramatic variations (> 100%) particularly in mechanical properties. The interaction in these hetero-zones produces a synergistic effect wherein the integrated property exceeds the prediction by the rule-of-mixtures. More importantly, the heterostructured materials can be produced by current industrial facilities at large scale and low cost. The superior properties of heterostructured materials are attributed to the heterodeformation induced (HDI) strengthening and strain hardening, which is produced by the piling-up of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs). These GNDs are needed to accommodate the strain gradient near hetero-zone boundaries, across which there is high mechanical incompatibility and strain partitioning. This paper classifies the types of heterostructures and delineates the deformation behavior and mechanisms of heterostructured materials.

Key words： heterostructure heterostructure unit strain gradient geometrically necessary dislocation strain hardening ductility gradient structure lamellar structure

收稿日期: 2022-07-04

ZTFLH:

TG14

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0204402/3);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0209902);国家自然科学基金项目(11988102);国家自然科学基金项目(11972350);国家自然科学基金项目(51931003);中国科学院先导专项项目(XDB22040503)

作者简介: 朱运田, y.zhu@cityu.edu.hk,从事金属结构材料变形机理及性能研究
武晓雷, xlwu@imech.ac.cn,从事金属结构材料的力学行为与微结构机理研究;
武晓雷,男,1965年生,研究员,博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00327 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I11/1349

图1 金属结构材料的异构：基元异构(分别为梯度结构和层状结构)、亚基元异构及复合异构

图2 异构基元及其微观设计

图3 异构基元的2个特征力学响应：应变梯度和力学迟滞环[27,52,55]

图4 异构背应力的几何必需位错塞积模型[24,53]

图5 位错湮灭/形成以及位错塞积[33]

图6 异构的应变硬化率

图7 异构屈服强度与拉伸均匀塑性之间的协同关系

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