异质纳米结构金属强化韧化机理研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00303

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (11): 1360-1370 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00303

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

异质纳米结构金属强化韧化机理研究进展

卢磊(

), 赵怀智

中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016

Progress in Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms of Heterogeneous Nanostructured Metals

LU Lei(

), ZHAO Huaizhi

Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

卢磊, 赵怀智. 异质纳米结构金属强化韧化机理研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(11): 1360-1370.
Lei LU, Huaizhi ZHAO. Progress in Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms of Heterogeneous Nanostructured Metals[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(11): 1360-1370.

全文: PDF(2677 KB) HTML

摘要:

异质结构金属通常表现出传统均质材料无法企及的优异综合力学性能(如高强度、塑性和断裂韧性等),这主要源于其内部各组元间交互作用所产生的协同效应,包括应力/应变梯度、几何必需位错,以及独特的界面行为等。本文聚焦层状和纳米孪晶2类典型的异质纳米结构,回顾近期关于异质纳米结构金属的强化与韧化机制的研究进展,重点关注各异质组元性质、尺寸、界面以及加载方向等因素对宏观强化与韧化行为的影响规律。

关键词 ：异质纳米结构金属, 层状结构, 纳米孪晶, 强韧化, 界面, 各向异性

Abstract：

Heterostructured metals typically exhibit excellent mechanical properties, such as high strength, plasticity, and fracture toughness, which are not present in conventional homogeneous materials. This is primarily due to the synergistic effects arising from the interactions between the internal components including the stress/strain gradients, geometrically necessary dislocations, and unique interfacial behavior. This study focuses on two typical heterogeneous nanostructures (laminated and nanotwinned) by reviewing the recent progress in their strengthening and toughening mechanisms. The analysis highlights the effects of the properties and sizes of the individual components, interfaces, and loading directions on the macroscopic strengthening and toughening behavior.

Key words： heterogeneous nanostructured metal laminated structure nanotwin strengthening and toughening interface anisotropy

收稿日期: 2022-06-20

ZTFLH:

TG146

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51931010);国家自然科学基金项目(92163202);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划项目(GJ-HZ2029);辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC1802026)

作者简介: 卢磊,女,1970年生,研究员,博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00303 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I11/1360

图1 层状结构Cu/Cu4Zn和Cu/Cu32Zn的局部微观结构(层间距λ = 19 μm)与相应的工程应力-应变曲线,以及3种层状纳米孪晶Cu样品的微观结构示意图与相应的工程应力-应变曲线和加工硬化率曲线,并与相应的单组分进行对照[33,34]

图2 拉伸试样在动态塑性变形(DPD) Cu样品中的取样方式示意图,DPD Cu样品中典型的截面微观结构(显示纳米孪晶束(NT)镶嵌在纳米晶(NG)基体中),纳米孪晶/纳米晶混合结构Cu在不同加载方向下的拉伸工程应力-应变曲线,并与粗晶Cu进行对比,及Sample-P、Sample-N和Sample-I在1.0%宏观应变量下的局部全场应变分布图[45]

图3 层状异质结构材料在不同裂纹取向下的韧化机制,Al-7075/Al-1050异质层状结构金属的EBSD微观结构[54]及其在Crack arrester方向冲击断裂的SEM断面形貌[54]

图4 纳米多层结构Cu/Nb和Cu/Zr的微观结构,及Cu/Nb和Cu/Zr多层膜中断裂韧性(KIC)随Cu层厚度(hCu)的变化关系[60]

图5 断裂试样在DPD Cu样品中的取样方式示意图,不同取向试样的裂纹扩展阻力(J-R)曲线,及裂纹扩展过程示意图[16]

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