复合磁场对金属熔体流动及凝固组织的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00032

金属学报

2024, Vol. 60

Issue (2): 231-246 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00032

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

复合磁场对金属熔体流动及凝固组织的影响

朱锐¹, 王俊杰¹, 张云虎¹(

), 田志超², 苗信成²(

), 翟启杰¹

1 上海大学先进凝固技术中心上海 200444
2 辽宁科技大学材料与冶金学院鞍山 114051

Flow and Solidification Microstructure in Metal Melts Driven by a Combined Magnetic Field

ZHU Rui¹, WANG Junjie¹, ZHANG Yunhu¹(

), TIAN Zhichao², MIAO Xincheng²(

), ZHAI Qijie¹

1 Center for Advanced Solidification Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
2 School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China

引用本文:

朱锐, 王俊杰, 张云虎, 田志超, 苗信成, 翟启杰. 复合磁场对金属熔体流动及凝固组织的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(2): 231-246.
Rui ZHU, Junjie WANG, Yunhu ZHANG, Zhichao TIAN, Xincheng MIAO, Qijie ZHAI. Flow and Solidification Microstructure in Metal Melts Driven by a Combined Magnetic Field[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2024, 60(2): 231-246.

全文: PDF(5275 KB) HTML

摘要:

近年来，复合电磁场作用下的合金凝固组织得到了相当大的关注。本工作以Ga-20%In-12%Sn和Al-7%Si (质量分数)合金为研究对象，研究了脉冲磁致振荡(PMO)与静磁场形成的复合磁场(CMF)对金属熔体流动和Al-7%Si合金凝固组织的影响规律。数值模拟和流动实验结果表明，CMF作用下平行于静磁场方向流型为单环流，垂直于静磁场方向流型为双环流，这与PMO单独作用下熔体流型为双环流有所不同。通过数值模拟CMF作用下金属熔体中电磁力分布和演变结果给出了其流型形成的原因。此外，凝固实验结果表明，本实验参数下CMF处理后的Al-7%Si合金晶粒尺寸小于仅单独施加PMO时所得晶粒尺寸。最后，在现有电磁场作用下金属凝固细晶机制的基础上，结合感应电流、电磁力和强制流动等效应对其凝固细晶机制进行了探讨。

关键词 ：脉冲磁致振荡, 复合磁场, 熔体流型, 凝固组织

Abstract：

In recent years, solidified structures in metal alloys driven by combined electromagnetic fields have received considerable attention. In this study, the effect of combined magnetic field (CMF) formed by pulsed magneto oscillation (PMO) and static magnetic field on the melt flow of Ga-20%In-12%Sn (mass fraction) and solidification structure of Al-7%Si alloy was investigated. Results of numerical simulations and flow experiments show that the flow pattern is single rolled in the direction parallel to the static magnetic field and double rolled in the direction perpendicular to the static magnetic field, which is different from the double-rolled flow pattern of the melt when the PMO is activated alone. The distribution and evolution of the electromagnetic forces in the melt under CMF are numerically simulated to explain the formation of the flow pattern. Moreover, the experimental results of solidification show that the grain size of the CMF-treated Al-7%Si alloy is smaller than that obtained when PMO is applied. Finally, the grain refinement mechanism of the Al-7%Si alloy under the influence of electromagnetic fields is discussed in relation to the effects of induced currents, electromagnetic forces, and forced flow based on the previously proposed mechanism of grain refinement in solidified metals driven by electromagnetic fields.

Key words： pulsed magneto-oscillation (PMO) combined magnetic field (CMF) melt flow pattern solidification structure

收稿日期: 2022-01-25

ZTFLH:

TG290

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(U1760204);国家自然科学基金项目(51974183);宁夏中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022FRD05007)

通讯作者: 张云虎，yunhuzhang@shu.edu.cn，主要从事金属凝固细晶研究;
苗信成，miaoxincheng@ustl.edu.cn，主要从事冶金磁流体力学研究

Corresponding author: ZHANG Yunhu, associate professor, Tel: 18701896409, E-mail: yunhuzhang@shu.edu.cn;
MIAO Xincheng, professor, Tel: 15541217108, E-mail: miaoxincheng@ustl.edu.cn

作者简介: 朱锐，男，1996年生，硕士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00032 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V60/I2/231

图1 磁场测量示意图

图2 脉冲磁致振荡(PMO)电流波形

图3 流场测量示意图

表1 Ga-20%In-12%Sn和Al-7%Si熔体物性参数[7]

图4 PMO模型及CMF模型示意图

图5 静磁场分布测量结果(a) magnetic field strength in x-direction(Bx )(b) magnetic field strength in y-direction(By )(c) magnetic field strength in z-direction(Bz )

图6 PMO (峰值电流强度Ip = 1500 A，脉冲频率f = 30 Hz，脉冲宽度tp = 3 ms)作用下线圈中心处x、y和z方向上磁场强度(Bx 、By 和Bz )测量结果，及线圈中心处z方向上磁场强度实测和模拟结果对比

图7 PMO (Ip = 1500A，f = 30 Hz，tp= 3 ms)作用下线圈中心轴线上Bz 波峰波谷实测和模拟结果对比

图8 不同磁场作用下0.25tp时刻熔体内磁场分布(a) static magnetic field (b) PMO (c) CMF

图9 PMO作用下Ga-20%In-12%Sn熔体流动分布状态(a) schematic of the melt yz center plane(b) melt flow direction in three dimensions (U—flow velocity)(c) z-component of flow velocity (Uz ) in the yz center plane(d) contour of measured flow along the center axis

图10 CMF作用下熔体流动分布状态(a) schematic of yz center plane S1, xz center plane S2, and the direction of the static magnetic field(b) melt flow direction in three dimensions(c) Uz in S1 plane(d) Uz in S2 plane(e) contour of measured flow along the central axis

图11 不同电流峰值的PMO和CMF处理后Al-7Si合金凝固组织

图12 PMO作用下xz平面上Lorentz力(F)分布(a) schematic of the position of point P(b) variation of x-component of Lorentz force (Fx ) at point P with time(c-f) Lorentz force distributions in the xz-plane corresponding to points A-D shown in Fig.12b, respectively

图13 CMF作用下xz平面上Lorentz力分布(a) schematic of the point P and the line L(b) variation of the z-component of Lorentz force (Fz) at point P with time(c-k) Lorentz force distributions in the xz-plane corresponding to points A-I shown in Fig.13b

图14 熔体平均流速(U¯)随时间变化规律

图15 CMF作用下P点流速Uz 与Fz 的关系

图16 电流峰值为2500 A时熔体内感应电流分布

图17 磁场方向、感应电流方向和感应电流环路面积示意图(a) PMO (b) CMF

图18 电流峰值为2500 A时熔体内Lorentz力分布

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