铝合金中的溶质原子团簇及其强韧化

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00301

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (11): 1484-1498 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00301

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铝合金中的溶质原子团簇及其强韧化

刘刚, 张鹏, 杨冲, 张金钰, 孙军(

)

西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室西安 710049

Aluminum Alloys: Solute Atom Clusters and Their Strengthening

LIU Gang, ZHANG Peng, YANG Chong, ZHANG Jinyu, SUN Jun(

)

State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

引用本文:

刘刚, 张鹏, 杨冲, 张金钰, 孙军. 铝合金中的溶质原子团簇及其强韧化[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(11): 1484-1498.
Gang LIU, Peng ZHANG, Chong YANG, Jinyu ZHANG, Jun SUN. Aluminum Alloys: Solute Atom Clusters and Their Strengthening[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(11): 1484-1498.

全文: PDF(1734 KB) HTML

摘要:

得益于先进表征技术的快速发展，已经可以初步实现在时间和空间上高精度、大范围地定量表征金属材料中的溶质原子团簇，这极大地促进了溶质原子团簇的深入研究。对于广泛应用的铝合金而言，溶质原子团簇不仅是作为时效析出的前驱体而得到重视，更成为了一种新型的强韧化手段，在强塑性匹配上显示出了一定的调控潜力和自由度。本文针对铝合金近年来的相关研究进展，从溶质原子团簇精确表征、形成热/动力学、影响因素、强韧化机理以及应用举例等多个方面进行了简要总结，并对未来可能的重点研究内容进行了展望。

关键词 ：铝合金, 溶质原子团簇, 强韧化, 微观表征, 力学性能

Abstract：

Benefiting from the rapid development in advanced characterization technologies, solute atom clusters in metal materials can now be quantitatively characterized in a high temporal and spatial resolution. This greatly promotes in-depth investigations on solute atom clustering. As for the widely-used Al alloys, solute atom clusters are attracting increasing attention not only as precursors for the precipitates during the aging process but also as a novel approach to strengthen and toughen the Al alloys. Experimental evidence has proved that solute atom clusters can simultaneously afford high strength and great ductility, indicating potential tailoring freedom to achieve an excellent strength-ductility combination. In this paper, the recent progress in solute atom clustering associated with Al alloys are summarized, including comprehensive characterization, thermodynamics and kinetics of formation, influencing factors, strengthening and toughening, and an application example. Ultimately, from the author's point of view, possible key directions for further studies of solute atom clusters are also proposed.

Key words： aluminum alloy solute atom cluster strengthening/toughening microstructural characterization mechanical property

收稿日期: 2021-07-23

ZTFLH:

TG146.21

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51621063);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(BP2018008)

作者简介: 刘刚，男，1975年生，教授

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00301 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I11/1484

图1 250℃时效下Al-0.3%Sc合金中Sc原子团簇的HAADF-STEM像及其与Al3Sc沉淀相颗粒的对比，分别时效2、8和14 h的APT像以及相应的团簇尺寸统计结果[50]

图2 Al-3.6%Cu-1.6Mg合金经过不同预变形后的自然时效电阻率相对变化-时效时间曲线，0和9% 2种不同预变形量试样自然时效稳定后的Cu-Mg原子团簇APT像(尺寸：20 nm × 20 nm × 40 nm)[68]

图3 Al-4.75%Zn-1.39%Mg合金自然时效1440 h的APT像(尺寸：225 nm × 56 nm × 56 nm)，不同拉伸应变下(0、7%、13%和20%) Zn-Mg团簇的APT统计结果，约化团簇尺寸随变形量变化的实验结果与模拟结果对比，以及不同时效状态下的拉伸应力-应变曲线[94]

图4 Al-Mg-Si合金铸轧薄带与热轧薄带的室温拉伸应力-应变曲线、铸轧薄带Mg-Si原子团簇的APT像和热轧薄带中位错和沉淀相颗粒的TEM像

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