700℃热暴露对 β 凝固 γ-TiAl合金表面组织及形貌的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00071

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (8): 1003-1012 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00071

研究论文

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700℃热暴露对 β 凝固 γ-TiAl合金表面组织及形貌的影响

刘仁慈¹(

), 王鹏¹^,², 曹如心¹^,², 倪明杰¹^,², 刘冬¹, 崔玉友¹, 杨锐¹

^1.中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016
^2.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016

Influence of Thermal Exposure at 700^oC on the Microstructure and Morphology in the Surface of β-Solidifying γ-TiAl Alloys

LIU Renci¹(

), WANG Peng¹^,², CAO Ruxin¹^,², NI Mingjie¹^,², LIU Dong¹, CUI Yuyou¹, YANG Rui¹

^1.Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

刘仁慈, 王鹏, 曹如心, 倪明杰, 刘冬, 崔玉友, 杨锐. 700℃热暴露对 β 凝固 γ-TiAl合金表面组织及形貌的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(8): 1003-1012.
Renci LIU, Peng WANG, Ruxin CAO, Mingjie NI, Dong LIU, Yuyou CUI, Rui YANG. Influence of Thermal Exposure at 700^oC on the Microstructure and Morphology in the Surface of β-Solidifying γ-TiAl Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(8): 1003-1012.

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摘要:

研究了700℃恒温热暴露对β凝固Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.5B合金表面形貌与反应层组织的影响。结果表明：含有β₀相的β凝固γ-TiAl合金热暴露反应产物、表面形貌和反应界面组织随着时间不断变化,TiO₂-R、α-Al₂O₃、Ti₂AlN和Nb₂Al等反应产物含量持续增多,初期出现的κ-Al₂O₃在热暴露200 h后转变为α-Al₂O₃,而亚稳Ti₄O₇和TiAl₂O₅在200 h后出现。不同物相氧化行为差异导致反应界面组织明显不同,高Al含量γ相易局部氧化,形成连续Al₂O₃反应层,低Al含量β₀相易内氧化而形成TiO₂弥散分布组织,TiO₂颗粒持续长大成连续反应层,其与局部氧化交替作用而形成TiO₂-Al₂O₃交替的层状组织。相比弥散反应层,连续反应层可阻碍O元素向基体扩散,降低TiO₂生长速率,因此,γ相表面反应物细小致密,α₂相反应物先迅速长大后缓慢生长,而β₀相表面反应物不断长大。

关键词 ： β凝固, γ-TiAl合金, 热暴露, 表面, 显微组织

Abstract：

β-solidifying Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.5B has attracted considerable attention owing to its higher strength and excellent creep resistance at elevated temperature. Indeed, its application temperature is much higher than that of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb. Because γ-TiAl alloys are exposed to air at elevated temperatures for a long time during application, an oxidation layer is formed in the surface. The oxidation layer, which is potentially harmful to the mechanical properties of the crack nucleation sites, was observed near the surface. Concerning the β-solidifying Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.5B, it has median Nb content and low Al content. Additionally, a considerable β₀-phase with lower Al content is retained. To better understand the influence of the composition and microstructure on the oxidation behavior of γ-TiAl alloys, it is necessary to investigate the oxidation behavior and microstructure evolution in the surface of β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloys during thermal exposure. In this study, samples of β-solidifying Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.5B were obtained by investment casting and thermal exposure at 700°C for different times, and the oxidation behavior and microstructure of different phases in the surface were compared. The results showed that the constituents of the oxidation layer on the surface varied with the exposure time. The volume fractions of TiO₂-R, α-Al₂O₃, Ti₂AlN, and Nb₂Al increased by increasing the exposure time. Metastable κ-Al₂O₃ was detected in the sample exposed for a short time, but it was transformed into α-Al₂O₃ after exposure for 200 h. Moreover, metastable Ti₄O₇ and TiAl₂O₅ were detected in samples exposed for 200 and 500 h. The microstructures, morphologies, and heights of oxidations in the surface of a specific phase are different, varying by increasing the exposure time. These variations are related to the different oxidation behaviors during thermal exposure, i.e., the γ-phase experienced selective oxidation after a short time exposure, α₂-phase changed from internal oxidation to selective oxidation when the exposure time reached 200 h, while the β₀-phase suffered internal oxidation during the entire exposure. The different oxidation behaviors of each specific phase contributed to the different Al contents. Dispersed TiO₂ was formed during internal oxidation, and it kept growing during thermal exposure, forming a continual layer at the end. The continual Al₂O₃ layer was formed during selective oxidation, in which the Ti element was rejected in the reaction interface. When the content produced during the internal oxidation of the Ti element reached a critical value, dispersed TiO₂was formed and kept growing to form the continual layer. The alternating formation of continual Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ layers resulted in the layer structure observed in the surface.

Key words： β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloy thermal exposure surface microstructure

收稿日期: 2021-02-07

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51701209);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202002AB08001-3)

作者简介: 刘仁慈,男,1983年生,博士

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链接本文:

https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00071 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I8/1003

表1 Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.5B (TNM-0.5B)合金铸件成分检测结果

图1 TNM-0.5B合金铸件初始组织的OM像及背散射电子(BSE)像

表2 TNM-0.5B合金铸件初始组织组成相EDS结果 (mass fraction / %)

图2 700℃空气热暴露不同时间样品表面的XRD谱

图3 热暴露不同时间样品表面的二次电子像

表3 样品热暴露表面氧化产物EDS分析结果 (mass fraction / %)

图4 700℃热暴露不同时间样品表面三维轮廓

图5 不同时间热暴露样品表面线性轮廓和物相相对高度

图6 700℃热暴露不同时间样品表面纵切面显微组织的OM像

图7 热暴露样品反应界面显微组织BSE像及元素分布图

图8 热暴露过程中表面反应界面显微组织、成分及形貌演变机理

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