丝材<strong>+</strong>电弧增材制造钛<strong>/</strong>铝异种金属反应层的研究

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00022

金属学报

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (11): 1407-1416 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00022

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

丝材+电弧增材制造钛/铝异种金属反应层的研究

田银宝,申俊琦(

),胡绳荪,勾健

天津大学材料科学与工程学院天津市现代连接技术重点实验室天津 300354

Study of the Reaction Layer of Ti and Al Dissimilar Alloys by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing

TIAN Yinbao,SHEN Junqi (

),HU Shengsun,GOU Jian

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China

引用本文:

田银宝, 申俊琦, 胡绳荪, 勾健. 丝材+电弧增材制造钛/铝异种金属反应层的研究[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(11): 1407-1416.
TIAN Yinbao, SHEN Junqi, HU Shengsun, GOU Jian. Study of the Reaction Layer of Ti and Al Dissimilar Alloys by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(11): 1407-1416.

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摘要:

分别利用直流冷金属过渡(CMT)和变极性CMT脉冲复合技术进行TC4和ER2319焊丝的堆积，实现钛/铝异种金属丝材+电弧增材制造，通过高速摄像及电信号采集系统进行电弧形态、熔滴过渡以及电流/电压信号的采集分析；利用OM、SEM、TEM、EDS、硬度实验以及拉伸实验等方法对钛/铝异种金属构件的微观组织与力学性能进行分析。结果表明，变极性CMT脉冲复合堆积铝合金过程包括正极性脉冲阶段和负极性CMT阶段。在正极性脉冲阶段，电弧集中且热输入较大；在变极性CMT阶段，热输入较小且对构件具有明显的冷却效果。钛/铝异种金属构件的反应层包括过渡层和界面层，TiAl₃界面层的厚度约为10 μm。在界面层存在微裂纹；反应层的硬度介于钛合金和铝合金之间；钛/铝异种金属构件的平均抗拉强度为65 MPa，所有拉伸试样均在界面层断裂，断裂方式均具有脆性断裂的特征。

关键词 ：钛合金, 铝合金, 变极性冷金属过渡脉冲复合, 增材制造

Abstract：

The wire and arc additive manufactured Ti/Al dissimilar alloys can be used in the aerospace and automobile industries. For some parts, Ti alloy was replaced by Al alloy, which reduced the weight and cost. The additive manufactured Ti/Al dissimilar alloys had the advantages of two materials and remedied the each other's shortcomings. In this study, TC4 and ER2319 wires were deposited by direct current cold metal transfer (CMT) and variable polarity-CMT+pulse mode, respectively, to realize the wire and arc additive manufacturing for Ti/Al dissimilar alloys. The arc shape, droplet transfer, voltage and current were captured by high speed camera and electrical signal acquisition system. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Al component were analyzed by OM, SEM, TEM, EDS, hardness test and tensile test. The results showed that the variable polarity-CMT+pulse welding process included the positive pulse periods and negative CMT periods. During the positive pulse periods, the arc concentrated at the end of welding wire. During the negative CMT periods, the heat input was low, which had a cooling effect on component. The reaction layer in the component included the interface layer and transition layer. The thickness of TiAl₃ interfacial layer was 10 μm. The hardness of reaction layer was between that of Ti and Al alloys. The crack was formed in the interface layer. The average tensile strength was approximately 65 MPa. All samples fractured in the interface layer. The fracture mode was brittle fracture.

Key words： Ti alloy Al alloy variable polarity cold metal transfer plus pulse additive manufacturing

收稿日期: 2019-01-25

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目No(51575381);天津市应用基础及前沿技术研究计划项目No(15JCZDJC38600)

作者简介: 田银宝，男，1988年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00022 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2019/V55/I11/1407

表1 基板与焊丝名义化学成分 (mass fraction / %)

图1 试样截取位置

图2 第一层铝合金堆积过程的电流与电压波形图

图3 第一层铝合金熔滴过渡过程

图4 丝材+电弧增材制造(WAAM)构件微观组织

表2 WAAM构件不同位置的EDS分析结果

图5 图4a中II区微观组织的高倍SEM像及相应的元素分布

图6 图4a中II区的TEM分析

图7 钛/铝反应层形成示意图

图8 WAAM构件反应层中裂纹形貌的SEM像

图9 拉伸试样断口形貌的SEM像

图10 WAAM构件界面层附近的硬度分布

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