Fe-Bi-Mn三元合金多相相变-扩散体系中易切削相析出规律的数值研究

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00200

金属学报

2014, Vol. 50

Issue (11): 1393-1402 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00200

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

Fe-Bi-Mn三元合金多相相变-扩散体系中易切削相析出规律的数值研究

王哲¹, 王发展^1,²(

), 何银花¹, 王欣¹, 马姗², 王辉绵³

1 西安建筑科技大学材料与矿资学院, 西安 710055
2 西安建筑科技大学机电工程学院, 西安 710055
3 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司技术中心, 太原 030003

NUMERICAL STUDY ON FREE-CUTTING PHASE PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOR IN Fe-Bi-Mn TERNARY ALLOY MULTIPHASE TRANSFORMATION- DIFFUSION SYSTEM

WANG Zhe¹, WANG Fazhan^1,²(

), HE Yinhua¹, WANG Xin¹, MA Shan², WANG Huimian³

1 College of Materials and Mineral Resources, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055
2 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055
3 Technology Center, Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel Co. Ltd., Taiyuan 030003

引用本文:

王哲, 王发展, 何银花, 王欣, 马姗, 王辉绵. Fe-Bi-Mn三元合金多相相变-扩散体系中易切削相析出规律的数值研究[J]. 金属学报, 2014, 50(11): 1393-1402.
Zhe WANG, Fazhan WANG, Yinhua HE, Xin WANG, Shan MA, Huimian WANG. NUMERICAL STUDY ON FREE-CUTTING PHASE PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOR IN Fe-Bi-Mn TERNARY ALLOY MULTIPHASE TRANSFORMATION- DIFFUSION SYSTEM[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2014, 50(11): 1393-1402.

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摘要:

以扩散支配相变动力学方法为基础, 建立了多相三维流动凝固模型. 模型考虑了固、液、气三相扩散相变对Fe-Bi-Mn三元合金凝固的影响, 模拟研究了合金体系中Bi和MnS易切削相的析出过程, 并分析了易切削相的多相相变过程和多相扩散路径. 结果表明: 易切削相的析出过程受多相相变-扩散作用影响, M_ls,MnS(MnS的固-液质量相变速率)较大, MnS的分配系数大而扩散系数小, 当C^*_s,MnS(MnS的固相界面浓度)大于C_l,MnS(MnS的液相浓度)时, 液相MnS在固-液界面处浓度降低, 最终被固相完全“捕获”, 导致MnS不再富集; M_ls,Bi(Bi的固-液质量相变速率)较小且M_gl,Bi(Bi的液-气质量相变速率)为负值, Bi的分配系数小而扩散系数大, 凝固过程中存在气相Bi且C_l,Bi(Bi的液相浓度)始终大于C^*_s,Bi(Bi的固相界面浓度), 故Bi持续流动富集于MnS周围, 直至凝固结束. 研究工作将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比, 两者吻合较好.

关键词 ： Fe-Bi-Mn三元合金, 凝固, 多相相变, 多相扩散路径, 数值研究

Abstract：

The solidification process of alloys are not just liquid to solid phase transformation, in fact in some alloys liquid to gas and gas to liquid phase transformation processes happen. A method incorporating the full diffusion-governed phase transformation kinetics into a multiphase volume average solidification model is presented. The motivation to develop such a model is to predict the multiple effect of inclusions precipitation behavior in castings. A key feature of this model, different from most previous ones which usually assume an infinite solute mixing in liquid lead to erroneous estimation of the multiphase diffusion path, is that diffusions in solid, liquid and gas phases are considered. Here solidification of Fe-Bi-Mn ternary alloy is examined. As MnS and Bi have large differences in the solute partition coefficient, diffusion coefficient and liquidus slope, the multiphase diffusion path shows differently from those predicted by infinite liquid mixing models. In this work, a three-dimensional mathematical model for a three-phase flow during its horizontai solidification was studied based on diffusion-governed phase transformation kinetics. Effects of Fe-Bi-Mn ternary alloy solidification on solid-liquid-gas phase transformation were considered. The free-cutting phase precipitation behavior was studied and multiphase transformation and multiphase diffusion path of free-cutting phase precipitation behavior were analyzed. Results show that the multiphase transformation-diffusion is strongly influenced by free-cutting phases precipitation behavior: MnS has a relatively large partition coefficient and small diffusion coefficient with larger M_ls,MnS (solid-liquid mass transfer rate of MnS). During solidification, C^*_s,MnS (solid interface concentration of MnS) may become even larger than C_l,MnS (liquid concentration of MnS), MnS in liquid is assumed to be fully ‘trapped’ in solid and there is no longer any enrichment of MnS; however Bi has a relatively small partition coefficient and large diffusion coefficient with smaller M_ls,Bi (solid-liquid mass transfer rate of Bi) and negative M_gl,Bi (liquid-gas mass transfer rate of Bi), during solidification, C_l,Bi (liquid concentration of Bi) always greater than C^*_s,Bi (solid interface concentration of Bi). In addition, due to the existence of Bi-gas phase, Bi continuous to flow, enriched in the solidified around MnS. Calculated results show good agreement with experimental data.

Key words： Fe-Bi-Mn ternary alloy solidification multiphase transformation multiphase diffusion path numerical study

收稿日期: 2014-07-25

ZTFLH:

TG111.4

基金资助:* 十二五国家科技支撑计划项目2011BAE31B02以及西安建筑科技大学“高性能有色金属材料制备与加工创新团队”项目资助

作者简介: null

王哲, 男, 1989年生, 硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00200 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2014/V50/I11/1393

Name	Equation	Number
Conservative equation
Solid-liquid mass conservative	$? ? t (f s ρ s) = M l s$	(1)
	$? ? t (f l ρ l) + ? ? (f l ρ l u l) = M s l$	(2)
Liquid-gas mass conservative	$? ? t (f l ρ l) + ? ? (f l ρ l u l) = M g l$	(3)
	$? ? t (f g ρ g) + ? ? (f g ρ g u g) = M l g$	(4)
Solid-liquid momentum conservative	$? ? t (f l ρ l u l) + ? ? (f l ρ l u l ? u l) = - f l ? p + ? ? τ l + f l ρ l g - U l s M - U l s D τ l = u l (? ? (f l μ l) + (? ? (f l μ l)) T)$	(5)
		(5)
Liquid-gas momentum conservative	$? ? t (f g ρ g u g) + ? ? (f g ρ g u g ? u g) = - f g ? p + ? ? τ g + f g ρ g g - U g l M - U g l D τ g = u g (? ? (f g μ g) + (? ? (f g μ g)) T)$	(6)
		(6)
Solid-liquid species conservative	$? ? t (f s ρ s c s) = C l s M$	(7)
	$? ? t (f l ρ l c l) + ? ? (f l ρ l u l c l) = C s l M$	(8)
Liquid-gas species conservative	$? ? t (f l ρ l c l) + ? ? (f l ρ l u l c l) = C g l M$	(9)
	$? ? t (f g ρ g c g) + ? ? (f g ρ g u g c g) = C l g M$	(10)
Solid enthalpy conservative	$? ? t (f s ρ s h s) = ? ? (f s k s ? T s) + Q s M + Q l s D h s = ∫ T r e f T s c p s d T + h s r e f$	(11)
		(11)
Liquid enthalpy conservative	$? ? t (f l ρ l h l) + ? ? (f l ρ l u l h l) = ? ? (f l k l ? T l) + Q l M - Q l s D h l = ∫ T r e f T l c p l d T + h l r e f$	(12)
		(12)
Gas enthalpy conservative	$? ? t (f g ρ g h g) + ? ? (f g ρ g u g h g) = ? ? (f g k g ? T g) + Q g M - Q g l D h g = ∫ T r e f T g c p g d T + h g r e f$	(13)
		(13)
Transfer rate equation
Solid-liquid mass transfer rate	$M l s = v R l ? S l s ? ρ s$	(14)
Liquid-gas mass transfer rate	$M g l = v R g ? S g l ? ρ l$	(15)
Solid-liquid interface diffusion-phase transformation rate	$ν R l = d f s d t ? 1 S l s$	(16)
Liquid-gas interface diffusion-phase transformation rate	$ν R g = d f l d t ? 1 S g l$	(17)

表1 守恒方程与传递速率方程[10,14,16]

图1 Fe-Bi-Mn三元合金的凝固过程示意图

图2 多相相变-扩散体系示意图

表2 模拟中采用的物性参数

图3 三维模型及其边界条件与初始条件示意图

图4 Fe-0.3%Bi-0.9%Mn三元合金凝固后Bi和MnS的三维分布图

图5 合金凝固900 s时图4中zone IV区域的截面图

图6 合金凝固900 s时图4中zone I区域截面的等值线图

图7 合金凝固1500 s时图4中zone IV区域截面图

图8 图5a中path I 区域(Cl,MnS, Cl,Bi) , (C*l,MnS, C*l,Bi) 和(C*s,MnS, C*s,Bi) 的多相扩散路径

图9 多相扩散作用下溶质的固、液、气三相浓度及它们的界面浓度随固相分数变化的曲线

图10 Fe-0.3%Bi-0.9%Mn易切削不锈钢横、纵向的实验与模拟表面组织结构图

图11 实验与模拟合金横截面中Bi和MnS的平均近邻距离方差COVd

图12 符号说明

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