基于应变匹配的高性能金属纳米复合材料研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00457

金属学报

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (1): 45-58 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00457

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

基于应变匹配的高性能金属纳米复合材料研究进展

崔立山(

), 姜大强

中国石油大学(北京)理学院北京 102200

Progress in High Performance Nanocomposites Based ona Strategy of Strain Matching

Lishan CUI(

), Daqiang JIANG

College of Science, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102200, China

引用本文:

崔立山, 姜大强. 基于应变匹配的高性能金属纳米复合材料研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(1): 45-58.
Lishan CUI, Daqiang JIANG. Progress in High Performance Nanocomposites Based ona Strategy of Strain Matching[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(1): 45-58.

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摘要:

纳米线具有超高强度及超大弹性应变,以其增强的复合材料被预期具有超常力学性能,然而,已有研究结果一直“令人失望”。其原因是纳米线的超常力学性能未能在复合材料中体现。基于对位错滑移型金属基体中的位错与纳米线界面交互作用是“失望”之源的猜想,提出采用点阵切变型金属的切应变与纳米线的弹性应变相匹配的设计概念,选择纳米线Nb/NiTi 记忆合金等体系,证实了纳米线(带、粒子)的超常力学性能得以在复合材料中体现,使复合材料具备超常力学性能成为现实。此外,还发现上述突破可引发复合材料呈现超常力学性能的新机制(大应力耦合效应等)。据此设计的Nb纳米线/NiTi 记忆合金复合材料兼具：弹性应变极限大于6%,弹性模量低于28 GPa,屈服强度高达1.65 GPa。

关键词 ：应变匹配, 马氏体相变, 形状记忆合金, 纳米复合材料

Abstract：

Freestanding nanowires have ultrahigh elastic strain limits (4%~7%) and yield strengths, it is expected that composites reinforced by nanowires will have exceptional mechanical properties. However, the results obtained so far have been disappointing, primarily because the intrinsic mechanical properties of nanowires have not been successfully exploited in bulk composites. This is thought to be due to the inelastic strain incompatibilities at typical dislocation-piled-up interfaces. Therefore, we proposed a concept of elastic and transformation strain matching to realize the intrinsic mechanical properties of the nanowires. By creating a nanostructured composite consisting of nano Nb embedded in a NiTi matrix, the intrinsic mechanical properties of Nb nanowires, nano ribbons and nano particles are realized. Besides, this breakthrough triggers a new mechanism of stress coupling that induces the nanocomposite showing excellent mechanical properties. Based on the design strategy, we developed an in situ composite that possesses a large quasi-linear elastic strain of over 6%, a low Young's modulus of less than 28 GPa, and a high yield strength of 1.65 GPa.

Key words： strain matching martensitic transformation shape memory alloy nanocomposite

收稿日期: 2018-09-28

ZTFLH:

TG139

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目No.51231008

作者简介:

作者简介崔立山,男,1963 年生,教授

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00457 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2019/V55/I1/45

图1 位错滑移型金属基体及其与纳米线匹配的二维点阵示意图,当位错(两根位错)滑移至界面时位错滑移基体输出应变的分布示意图

图2 点阵切变基体与纳米线匹配的二维点阵及应变分布示意图,基体发生应力诱发马氏体变形(马氏体和母相共存)过程中点阵切变基体输出应变的分布示意图

图3 Nb纳米线/NiTi基体复合材料丝材及其微观组织[12]

图4 Nb纳米线/NiTi记忆合金样品在原位拉伸过程中的高能同步辐射XRD谱以及Nb纳米线的晶格应变曲线[12]

图5 Nb纳米线在位错滑移型金属基体中在应力诱发马氏体相变NiTi基体中的弹性应变极限,与文献报道的多种自由态纳米线的弹性应变极限的比较[12]

图6 Nb纳米线/NiTi记忆合金复合材料(NICSMA)的拉伸应力-应变曲线、NICSMA性能占据三大类工程材料性能挑战区、NICSMA与其它金属材料屈服强度和弹性应变极限的比较、与其它材料屈服强度和弹性模量的比较[12]

图7 Nb纳米线/NiTi记忆合金样品的拉伸循环应力-应变曲线、样品在第一次加载过程中的同步辐射高能XRD谱、纳米线在第一次加卸载过程中的晶格应变曲线、纳米线在第二次加卸载过程中的晶格应变曲线[13]

图8 Nb纳米线体积分数分别为10%和20%的NiTi记忆合金复合材料丝材的电子显微分析[14]

图9 在原位TEM拉伸过程中Nb纳米线的弹性变形行为[15]

图10 包含M1和M3马氏体板条区域的高分辨像及Nb纳米线中晶格应变的变化规律[15]

图11 Nb纳米带/NiTi基体复合材料丝的横截面和纵截面的STEM照片、垂直于加载方向的Nb (220)晶面的晶格应变与施加应变的关系曲线(插图为样品在室温下的拉伸应力-应变曲线)[12]

图12 Nb(110)晶面晶格应变与施加应变的关系曲线(插图是Nb纳米线/NiTi记忆合金复合材料拉伸应力-应变曲线)、在加载过程中B19′-NiTi(001)晶面的衍射强度与二维X射线衍射谱方位角的关系曲线、在8.7%循环前后马氏体态NiTi基体中孪晶形貌的比较、纳米线的弹性应变极限与以往文献报道的比较[16]

图13 Nb纳米线/NiTi记忆合金复合材料在加卸载过程中Nb纳米线的晶格应变随外加应变变化曲线、复合材料在加载过程中的应力-应变曲线以及与商业化NiTi记忆合金的对比[17]

图14 Nb纳米线/NiTi记忆合金复合材料及其与单体NiTi超弹性曲线的对比[18]

图15 Ti3Sn/TiNi复合材料微观组织结构[19]

图16 Ti3Sn/TiNi复合材料变形行为[19]

图17 Ti3Sn/TiNi复合材料的的室温压缩应力应变曲线、复合材料的力学性能和其它的高性能金属基复合材料对比[19]

图18 复合材料丝双程驱动特性[20]

图19 Nb纳米线/NiTi复合材料在拉伸循环过程中的一维高能XRD谱、NiTi基体中Nb纳米线被保留弹性应变与拉伸应变的曲线、NiTi基体中Nb纳米线被保留拉伸和压缩弹性应变与文献报道的基材表面薄膜被保留拉伸和压缩弹性应变的比较[16]

图20 不同应变状态的10 nm Pt和5 nm Pt纳米膜的氧还原反应(ORR)线性伏安扫描(LSV)曲线对比[28]

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