Progresses in Dendrite Coarsening During Solidification of Alloys

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00564

Acta Metall Sin

2018, Vol. 54

Issue (5): 789-800 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00564

Special Issue for the Solidification of Metallic Materials

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Progresses in Dendrite Coarsening During Solidification of Alloys

Mingfang ZHU¹(

), Like XING¹, Hui FANG¹, Qingyu ZHANG¹, Qianyu TANG¹, Shiyan PAN^1,²

1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

Cite this article:

Mingfang ZHU, Like XING, Hui FANG, Qingyu ZHANG, Qianyu TANG, Shiyan PAN. Progresses in Dendrite Coarsening During Solidification of Alloys. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(5): 789-800.

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Abstract

Dendrites are the most frequently observed solidification microstructures of metallic alloys. In most solidification processes at low and moderate cooling rates, dendrite coarsening in mushy zones has been recognized as an unavoidable phenomenon that significantly influences microstructures and thereby the properties of the final products. The behavior of dendrite coarsening has received persistent scientific interests owing to its importance in both academic value and practical application. During the last five decades, extensive efforts have been made through theoretical analyses, experimental techniques and numerical simulations for fundamentally understanding the mechanisms of dendrite coarsening during solidification under continuously cooling or isothermal conditions. This paper first gives a brief overview of the progress in the studies of dendrite coarsening. Then, a cellular automaton (CA) model recently proposed by the authors is presented, which involves the mechanisms of both solidification and melting. The model is applied to simulate the microstructural evolution of columnar dendrites of SCN-ACE alloys during isothermal holding in a mushy zone. The CA simulations reproduce the typical dendrite coarsening features as observed in experiments. The role of melting for dendrite coarsening is quantified by comparing the simulation results using the new CA model and a previous CA model that does not include the melting effect. The mechanisms of dendrite coarsening are investigated in detail by comparing the local equilibrium and actual liquid compositions at solid/liquid interfaces. The CA simulations render visualizing how local solidification and melting stimulate each other through the complicated interactions between phase transformation, interface shape variation and solute diffusion.

Key words: alloy solidification microstructure dendrite coarsening cellular automaton method

Received: 02 January 2018

ZTFLH:	TG113.12
	TG111.4

Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51371051 and 51501091), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2242016K40008), Innovation Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials (No.BM2007204) and the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University (No.YBJJ1627)

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	Mingfang ZHU
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	Hui FANG
	Qingyu ZHANG
	Qianyu TANG
	Shiyan PAN

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00564 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2018/V54/I5/789

Fig.1 LSW size distribution function, G(R/

R ?

), representing a probability density function for the renormalized sphere radius R/

R ?

^[6,7]

Fig.2 Schematic of four dendrite coarsening modes

Fig.3 Sequence of 2-D images of the Al-10%Cu (mass fraction) specimen showing the different coarsening mechanisms (The arrows in red and black colors indicate melting and solidification locations, respectively, t_start—starting time)^[18,35,69]
(a) small dendrite arm melting and interdendritic groove advancement
(b) joining of the dendrite arm tips, leading to the formation of entrapped liquid
(c) dendrite arm fragmentation obtained by the isothermal in situ observation experiment with a transparent cyclohexanol-fluorescein alloy

Fig.5 Simulated dendrite coarsening for a SCN-2.0%ACE (succinonitrile-acetone, mass fraction) alloy during isothermal holding in a mushy zone of 320 K displayed in actual composition at t_start (a), t_start+180 s (b) and t_start +550 s (c)

Fig.6 Simulated evolution of dendrite coarsening at the locations of the boxes in Fig.5, showing small dendrite arm melting, interdendritic groove advancement and dendrite arm fragmentation (The numbers in Fig.6a show the local curvatures, while those in Fig.6b and c show the liquid compositions. The arrows and numbers in red color indicate melting locations, while those in black color indicate solidification locations.

C l eq

—the local equilibrium liquid composition at the solid/liquid interface, C_l—liquid composion, f_s—solid fraction)
(a) solid fraction (b) equilibrium composition (c) actual composition

Fig.7 Simulated evolution of dendrite coarsening by joining of the dendrite arm tips, leading to the formation of entrapped liquid during isothermal holding in a mushy zone of 316 K for a SCN-2.0%ACE alloy (The numbers in Fig.7a show the local curvatures, while those in Fig.7b and c show the liquid compositions. The arrows and numbers in red color indicate melting locations, and those in black color indicate solidification locations)^[69]
(a) solid fraction (b) equilibrium composition (c) actual composition

Fig.8 Evolution of specific surface area (S_Vs) during isothermal holding in a mushy zone of 316 K for a SCN-2.0%ACE alloy obtained from the CA models with and without melting^[69]

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