Effect of Partial Recrystallization Annealing on Magnetic Properties and Mechanical Properties of Non-Oriented Silicon Steel

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00314

Acta Metall Sin

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (3): 291-300 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00314

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Effect of Partial Recrystallization Annealing on Magnetic Properties and Mechanical Properties of Non-Oriented Silicon Steel

YU Lei,LUO Haiwen(

)

School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Cite this article:

YU Lei,LUO Haiwen. Effect of Partial Recrystallization Annealing on Magnetic Properties and Mechanical Properties of Non-Oriented Silicon Steel. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(3): 291-300.

Download:

HTML

PDF(20406KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

With the rapid development of high-speed motors, traditional non-oriented silicon steel is difficult to meet its strength requirements. High strength enables resistance to deformation and fatigue fracture induced by centrifugal force. In this work, Nb element is added to traditional non-oriented silicon steel to improve its strength without greatly sacrificing good magnetism. The previous research on Nb-containing high strength non-oriented silicon steel showed that the annealing at high temperature led to good magnetic properties but poor mechanical properties. In order to improve the strength of the steel, the annealing temperature was decreased to make part of the dislocation structure retained in the cold rolled material. The influences of annealing below 900 ℃ on the microstructures, texture, magnetic and mechanical properties of cold rolled Nb-alloyed non-oriented electrical steel were investigated in this work. The increase of annealing temperature promoted recovery at 700~750 ℃ and led to a partial recrystallization with higher fraction at 800~850 ℃; meanwhile, α texture component was enhanced but γ texture suppressed with the increasing temperature. In contrast, the annealing at 900 ℃ resulted in a complete recrystallization, stronger γ but weaker α texture component. Higher annealing temperature produced lower strength and higher ductility as expected, due to dislocations annihilated by recovery and recrystallization, which also led to lower high-frequency iron loss. The value of magnetic induction B₅₀ corresponds well with the intensity of α texture in the annealed steel, and reaches the maximum value at 850 ℃ due to the most intense α texture formed, at which the best combination of mechanical and magnetic properties is also achieved, including the value of magnetic flux B₅₀ (1.572 T), high-frequency iron loss P_1.0/400 (33.26 W/kg) and yield strength about 600 MPa, the latter is attributed to the multiple strengthening mechanisms including dislocation, precipitation and grain refinement strengthening.

Key words: high strength non-oriented silicon steel recrystallization texture magnetic property mechanical property

Received: 25 September 2019

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	Lei YU
	Haiwen LUO

URL:

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00314 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2020/V56/I3/291

Fig.1 OM images on the microstructures of Nb-containing non-oriented silicon steel after annealing at different temperatures for 240 s (ND—normal direction, RD—rolling direction)(a) 700 ℃ (b) 750 ℃ (c) 800 ℃ (d) 850 ℃ (e) 900 ℃

Fig.2 EBSD image quality mapping with boundaries (a~c) and orientation mapping (d~f) on the Nb-containing non-oriented silicon steel after annealing at 750 ℃ (a, d), 800 ℃ (b, e) and 900 ℃ (c, f) (The red and green lines represent low and high angle boundaries with the misorientations between 2° and 15°, and more than 15°, respectively)Color online

Fig.3 Evolution of Nb-rich particles in Nb-containing non-oriented silicon steel after cold-rolling and annealing at different temperatures for 240 s(a) cold-rolled state (b) 700 ℃ (c) 750 ℃ (d) 800 ℃ (e) 850 ℃(f~h) 900 ℃ (g) TEM bright field image (h) SAED pattern

Table 1 Measured sizes, volume fractions and the increments of precipitation strengthening of Nb-rich particles in Nb-containing non-oriented silicon steel after different annealing temperatures

Fig.4 SEM images (a, b) and EPMA maps of Nb distributions (c, d) of Nb-containing non-oriented silicon steel after annealing at 700 ℃ (a, c) and 900 ℃ (b, d)Color online

Fig.5 Orientation distribution function (ODF) section images at φ₂=45° on textures in Nb-containing non-oriented silicon steel after cold rolling and annealing at different temperatures for 240 s (φ₁, φ₂ and Φ are Euler angles)Color online(a) cold-rolled state (b) 700 ℃ (c) 750 ℃ (d) 800 ℃ (e) 850 ℃ (f) 900 ℃

Fig.6 α-fiber (a) and γ-fiber (b) texture components in Nb-containing non-oriented silicon steel after cold rolling and the different annealing processes (f(g)—orientation distribution function, g= (φ₁, Φ, φ₂))

Fig.7 Iron losses of power frequency (P_1.5/50) and high frequency (P_1.0/400), magnetic induction intensity (B₅₀) (a) and mechanical properties (b) in Nb-containing non-oriented silicon steel after the different annealing processes (R_eL—yield strength, R_m—tensile strength, A—elongation)

Fig.8 The relationships of the intensity of α texture and the magnetic induction

Fig.9 Contributions from several strengthening mechanisms to yield strength of Nb-containing non-oriented silicon steel after annealing at different temperatures

[1]	Sha Y H, Sun C, Zhang F, et al. Strong cube recrystallization texture in silicon steel by twin-roll casting process [J]. Acta Mater., 2014, 76: 106
[2]	Zhang N, Yang P, Mao W M. Through process texture evolution of new thin-gauge non-oriented electrical steels with high permeability [J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2016, 397: 125
[3]	Gong J, Luo H W. Progress on the research of high-strength non-oriented silicon steel sheets in traction motors of hybrid/electrical vehicles [J]. J. Mater. Eng., 2015, 43(6): 102
[3]	龚坚, 罗海文. 新能源汽车驱动电机用高强度无取向硅钢片的研究与进展 [J]. 材料工程, 2015, 43(6): 102
[4]	Pan Z D, Xiang L, Zhang C, et al. Development of high-strength non-oriented electrical steel by TSCR [J]. Iron Steel Van. Tit., 2013, 34(4): 78
[4]	潘振东, 项利, 张晨等. TSCR 试制高强度无取向电工钢 [J]. 钢铁钒钛, 2013, 34(4): 78
[5]	Wang Y Q, Zhang X M, He Z, et al. Effect of copper precipitates on mechanical and magnetic properties of Cu-bearing non-oriented electrical steel processed by twin-roll strip casting [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, A703: 340
[6]	Lu Y K, Zu G Q, Luo L, et al. Investigation of microstructure and properties of strip-cast 4.5 wt% Si non-oriented electrical steel by different rolling processes [J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2019, 497: 165975
[7]	Tanaka I, Yashiki H, Iwamoto S, et al. Development of high strength electrical steel SXRC of resource-saving design [J]. J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 2011, 6: 15
[8]	Liu B, Song X L, Zhu R Q, et al. Effect of niobium on goss texture evolution of low temperature orientation silicon steel [J]. Trans. Mater. Heat Treat., 2017, 38(11): 71
[8]	刘彪, 宋新莉, 朱瑞琪等. Nb对低温取向硅钢高斯织构演变的影响 [J]. 材料热处理学报, 2017, 38(11): 71
[9]	Huang J, Luo H W. Influence of annealing process on microstructures, mechanical and magnetic properties of Nb-containing high-strength non-oriented silicon steel [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2018, 54: 377
[9]	黄俊, 罗海文. 退火工艺对含Nb高强无取向硅钢组织及性能的影响 [J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54: 377
[10]	Honda A, Senda K, Sadahiro K. Electrical steel for motors of electric and hybrid vehicles [J]. Kawasaki Steel Tech. Rep., 2002, 34: 85
[11]	Goldschmidt H J. The constitution of the iron-niobium-silicon system [J]. J. Iron Steel Inst., 1960, 194: 169
[12]	Raghavan V, Ghosh G. The Fe-Nb-Si (iron-niobium-silicon) system [J]. Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 1984, 37: 421
[13]	Raghavan V. Phase Diagrams of Ternary Iron Alloys [M]. Metals Park, Ohio: ASM International, 1987: 226
[14]	Singh B N, Gupta K P. Laves and μ phases in the Nb-Fe-Si and Nb-Co-Si systems [J]. Metall. Trans., 1972, 3: 1427
[15]	Wang D, Yang S Y, Yang M J, et al. Experimental investigation of phase equilibria in the Fe-Nb-Si ternary system [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2014, 605: 183
[16]	Muraki M, Toge T, Sakata K, et al. Formation mechanism of {111} recrystallization texture in ferritic steels [J]. Tetsu Hagané, 1999, 85: 751
[16]	村木峰男, 峠哲雄, 坂田敬, 待って. フェライト鋼の{111}再結晶集合組織生成機構の-考察. 鉄と鋼, 1999, 85: 751
[17]	Park J T, Szpunar J A. Evolution of recrystallization texture in nonoriented electrical steels [J]. Acta Mater., 2003, 51: 3037
[18]	Hutchinson W B. Development of textures in recrystallization [J]. Met. Sci., 1974, 8: 185
[19]	Park J T, Szpunar J A. Texture development during grain growth in nonoriented electrical steels [J]. ISIJ Int., 2005, 45: 743
[20]	Jenkins K, Lindenmo M. Precipitates in electrical steels [J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2008, 320: 2423
[21]	Li M, Xiao Y D, Wang W, et al. Effect of annealing parameter on microstructure and magnetic properties of cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel [J]. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2007, 17: 74
[22]	Zhao Y H, Zhu G H, Wang L T, et al. Effect of annealing temperature on properties of thin specification non-oriented electric steel [J]. Metall. Funct. Mater., 2012, 19(2): 22
[22]	赵亚慧, 朱国辉, 王立涛等. 退火温度对CSP生产薄规格无取向电工钢性能的影响 [J]. 金属功能材料, 2012, 19(2): 22
[23]	Yang F, Xiong C G, Xiang L, et al. Effect of annealing time on microstructure of non-oriented electrical steel 50W600 [J]. Hot Work. Technol., 2015, 44: 208
[23]	杨帆, 熊晨光, 项利等. 退火时间对无取向电工钢50W600组织的影响 [J]. 热加工工艺, 2015, 44: 208
[24]	Zhang N, Yang P, Mao W N. {001}<120>-{113}<361> recrystallization textures induced by initial {001} grains and related microstructure evolution in heavily rolled electrical steel [J]. Mater. Charact., 2016, 119: 225
[25]	Sidor J J, Verbeken K, Gomes E, et al. Through process texture evolution and magnetic properties of high Si non-oriented electrical steels [J]. Mater. Charact., 2012, 71: 49
[26]	Zu G Q, Zhang X M, Zhao J W, et al. Analysis of {411}<148> recrystallisation texture in twin-roll strip casting of 4.5 wt% Si non-oriented electrical steel [J]. Mater. Lett., 2016, 180: 63
[27]	He B B, Hu B, Yen H W, et al. High dislocation density-induced large ductility in deformed and partitioned steels [J]. Science, 2017, 357: 1029
[28]	Ungár T, Gubicza J, Ribárik G, et al. Crystallite size distribution and dislocation structure determined by diffraction profile analysis: principles and practical application to cubic and hexagonal crystals [J]. J. Appl. Crystallogr., 2001, 34: 298
[29]	Shintani T, Murata Y. Evaluation of the dislocation density and dislocation character in cold rolled type 304 steel determined by profile analysis of X-ray diffraction [J]. Acta Mater., 2011, 59: 4314
[30]	Ungár T, Tichy G. The effect of dislocation contrast on X-ray line profiles in untextured polycrystals [J]. Phys. Status Sol., 1999, 171A: 425
[31]	Yin F, Hanamura T, Umezawa O, et al. Phosphorus-induced dislocation structure variation in the warm-rolled ultrafine-grained low-carbon steels [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2003, A354: 31
[32]	Ungár T, Borbély A. The effect of dislocation contrast on X-ray line broadening: A new approach to line profile analysis [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1996, 69: 3173
[33]	Kunieda T, Nakai M, Murata Y, et al. Estimation of the system free energy of martensite phase in an Fe-Cr-C ternary alloy [J]. ISIJ Int., 2005, 45: 1909
[34]	Gladman T. The Physical Metallurgy of Microalloyed Steels [M]. London: Maney Pub, 1997: 40
[35]	Pickering F B. Physical Metallurgy and the Design of Steels [M]. London: Applied Science Publishers, 1978: 63

[1]	ZHENG Liang, ZHANG Qiang, LI Zhou, ZHANG Guoqing. Effects of Oxygen Increasing/Decreasing Processes on Surface Characteristics of Superalloy Powders and Properties of Their Bulk Alloy Counterparts: Powders Storage and Degassing[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1265-1278.
[2]	ZHAO Peng, XIE Guang, DUAN Huichao, ZHANG Jian, DU Kui. Recrystallization During Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue of Two High-Generation Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1221-1229.
[3]	ZHANG Leilei, CHEN Jingyang, TANG Xin, XIAO Chengbo, ZHANG Mingjun, YANG Qing. Evolution of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of K439B Superalloy During Long-Term Aging at 800^oC[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1253-1264.
[4]	ZHANG Jian, WANG Li, XIE Guang, WANG Dong, SHEN Jian, LU Yuzhang, HUANG Yaqi, LI Yawei. Recent Progress in Research and Development of Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloys[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1109-1124.
[5]	GONG Shengkai, LIU Yuan, GENG Lilun, RU Yi, ZHAO Wenyue, PEI Yanling, LI Shusuo. Advances in the Regulation and Interfacial Behavior of Coatings/Superalloys[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1097-1108.
[6]	LI Jingren, XIE Dongsheng, ZHANG Dongdong, XIE Hongbo, PAN Hucheng, REN Yuping, QIN Gaowu. Microstructure Evolution Mechanism of New Low-Alloyed High-Strength Mg-0.2Ce-0.2Ca Alloy During Extrusion[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1087-1096.
[7]	DING Hua, ZHANG Yu, CAI Minghui, TANG Zhengyou. Research Progress and Prospects of Austenite-Based Fe-Mn-Al-C Lightweight Steels[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1027-1041.
[8]	CHEN Liqing, LI Xing, ZHAO Yang, WANG Shuai, FENG Yang. Overview of Research and Development of High-Manganese Damping Steel with Integrated Structure and Function[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1015-1026.
[9]	CHANG Songtao, ZHANG Fang, SHA Yuhui, ZUO Liang. Recrystallization Texture Competition Mediated by Segregation Element in Body-Centered Cubic Metals[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1065-1074.
[10]	LI Fulin, FU Rui, BAI Yunrui, MENG Lingchao, TAN Haibing, ZHONG Yan, TIAN Wei, DU Jinhui, TIAN Zhiling. Effects of Initial Grain Size and Strengthening Phase on Thermal Deformation and Recrystallization Behavior of GH4096 Superalloy[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 855-870.
[11]	YUAN Jianghuai, WANG Zhenyu, MA Guanshui, ZHOU Guangxue, CHENG Xiaoying, WANG Aiying. Effect of Phase-Structure Evolution on Mechanical Properties of Cr₂AlC Coating[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(7): 961-968.
[12]	WU Dongjiang, LIU Dehua, ZHANG Ziao, ZHANG Yilun, NIU Fangyong, MA Guangyi. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Prepared by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(6): 767-776.
[13]	ZHANG Deyin, HAO Xu, JIA Baorui, WU Haoyang, QIN Mingli, QU Xuanhui. Effects of Y₂O₃ Content on Properties of Fe-Y₂O₃ Nanocomposite Powders Synthesized by a Combustion-Based Route[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(6): 757-766.
[14]	ZHANG Dongyang, ZHANG Jun, LI Shujun, REN Dechun, MA Yingjie, YANG Rui. Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Porous Ti55531 Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(5): 647-656.
[15]	LIU Manping, XUE Zhoulei, PENG Zhen, CHEN Yulin, DING Lipeng, JIA Zhihong. Effect of Post-Aging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrafine-Grained 6061 Aluminum Alloy[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(5): 657-667.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed