Recrystallization Texture Competition Mediated by Segregation Element in Body-Centered Cubic Metals

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00077

Acta Metall Sin

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (8): 1065-1074 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00077

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Recrystallization Texture Competition Mediated by Segregation Element in Body-Centered Cubic Metals

CHANG Songtao¹, ZHANG Fang¹, SHA Yuhui¹, ZUO Liang¹^,²(

)

¹Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
²Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

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CHANG Songtao, ZHANG Fang, SHA Yuhui, ZUO Liang. Recrystallization Texture Competition Mediated by Segregation Element in Body-Centered Cubic Metals. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(8): 1065-1074.

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Abstract

Recrystallization texture is determined by the competition among various texture components during nucleation and grain growth. The stored energy and orientation gradient depend on the grain orientation in the deformed microstructure. Texture components, nucleating at positions with high stored energy and a sharp orientation gradient have kinetic advantages, can consume the nucleation sites and potential growth space of recrystallized grains in adjacent deformed grains. Segregation elements can hinder nucleation and growth of recrystallization grains by reducing grain boundary mobility, and thus prevent texture components with kinetic advantages from invading adjacent deformed grains. It is valuable to provide a basis for precise recrystallization texture design and control by investigating the competitive relations among recrystallization texture components under the intervention of segregation elements. The recrystallization texture competition in a body-centered cubic Fe-3%Si alloy containing Sb was studied through experiment and simulation. It was found that the segregation element can weaken the γ (<111>//ND, ND—normal direction) and strengthen the α (<110>//RD, RD—rolling direction), as well as other recrystallization texture components with low stored energy, by inhibiting the invasion of γ-recrystallized grains into adjacent deformed grains. The two dominant factors for segregation effects are deformation texture and critical invasion radius. A quantitative model, based on nucleation and growth kinetics, was proposed to explore the effect of critical invasion radius and deformation texture on recrystallization texture competition mediated by segregation elements. It was found that segregation elements can prolong the invasion incubation period and reduce the invasion rate to inhibit the consumption of α-deformed grains by γ-recrystallized grains. The inhibition effect initially strengthened and then weakened with the increasing γ deformation texture.

Key words: recrystallization texture grain boundary segregation body-centered cubic metal Fe-3%Si alloy

Received: 27 February 2023

ZTFLH:

TG142.77

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51931002)

Corresponding Authors: ZUO Liang, professor, Tel:(024)83691560, E-mail: lzuo@mail.neu.edu.cn

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00077 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2023/V59/I8/1065

Fig.1 Constant φ₂ = 0° and 45° sections of ODFs at subsurface (S = 0.5) and center (S = 0) layers in cold rolled Fe-3%Si sheets without (a) and with (b) Sb addition (ODF—orientation distribution function; φ₁, φ₂, Φ—Euler angles; S—thickness parameter)

Fig.2 Constant φ₂ = 0° and 45° sections of ODFs at subsurface and center layers in recrystallized Fe-3%Si sheets without (a) and with (b) Sb addition

Fig.3 Difference of ODFs in constant φ₂ = 0° and 45° sections at subsurface (a) and center (b) layer in Fe-3%Si recrystallized sheets between without and with Sb addition

Fig.4 EBSD orientation image maps (a, c) and GND density maps (b, d) in cold rolled Fe-3%Si sheets without (a, b) and with (c, d) Sb addition (GND—geometrically necessary dislocation, ND—normal direction, RD—rolling direction)

Fig.5 EBSD orientation image maps in partially (a, c) and just completely recrystallized (b, d) Fe-3%Si sheets without (a, b) and with (c, d) Sb addition (Grain boundaries of deformed grains are represented by white dotted lines. A₁ and A₂ indicate α deformed regions before recrystallization. B₁, B₂, C₁, and C₂ indicate γ deformed regions before recrystallization)

Fig.6 EBSD orientation image maps of early (a, c) and middle (b, d) recrystallization stages without (a, b) and with (c, d) Sb addition (Grain boundaries of deformed grains are represented by white dotted lines. Invading and non-invading γ recrystallized grains are indicated by black and white arrows, respectively)

Fig.7 Schematics for the invasion process of γ recrystallized grains into adjacent α deformed grains
(a) γ grain nucleation
(b) γ recrystallized grain invasion into α defor-med grains (L—grain size, R_c—critical invasion radius)

Parameter	Value	Unit	Ref.
Temperature, T	1123	K
Shear modulus, G	87.88 - 0.02467T	GPa	[30]
Boltzmann's constant, k_b	1.38 × 10^-23	J·K^-1
Burgers vector modulus, b	0.25 × 10^-9	m	[30]
Mobility of free grain boundary, $M f r e e g b$	$9 × 10 - 8 e x p (- 1.99 × 10 - 19 k b T)$	m⁴·J^-1·s^-1	[31]
Mobility of free sub-grain boundary, $M f r e e s u b$	0.2 $M f r e e g b$	m⁴·J^-1·s^-1	[23]
Grain boundary width, δ^gb	1 × 10^-9	m	[26]
Sub-grain boundary width, δ^sub	δ^gb	m	This work
Number of atoms per unit volume, N_V	8.45 × 10²⁸	m^-3
Binding energy of Sb to sub-grain boundary, $E s e g s u b$	-0.43	eV	[32,33]
Binding energy of Sb to grain boundary, $E s e g g b$	-0.67	eV	[34]
Sb bulk diffusion coefficient, D_B	$1.3 × 10 - 5 e x p (- 3.37 × 10 - 19 k b T)$	m²·s^-1	[35]
Sb cross grain boundary diffusion coefficient, $D C g b$	2D_B	m²·s^-1	[26]
Sb cross sub-grain boundary diffusion coefficient, $D C s u b$	$D C g b$	m²·s^-1	This work

Table 1 List of parameters for simulating recrystallization behavior of Fe-3%Si alloy^{[23,26,30-35]}

Fig.8 Volume fraction of γ recrystallized grains invading into α deformed grains ( $X γ α / γ$ ) as a function of R_c without and with Sb addition (Δ $X γ α / γ$ —the inhibition effect of segregation element on invasion behavior)

Fig.9 Volume fraction of γ recrystallization texture invading into α deformed grains as a function of γ deformation texture fraction

Fig.10 Recrystallization kinetics at grain boundary region of α deformed grains ( $B α / γ$ —area fraction of recrystallized grain in the grain boundary of α-deformed grain, $B γ α / γ$ —area fraction of γ-recrystallized grain in the grain boundary of α-deformed grain, $B α α / γ$ —area fraction of α-recrystallized grain in the grain boundary of α-deformed grain)

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