基于中子与同步辐射技术的工程材料<strong>/</strong>部件多尺度残余应力评价

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00157

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (8): 1001-1014 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00157

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基于中子与同步辐射技术的工程材料/部件多尺度残余应力评价

李时磊¹, 李阳¹, 王友康¹, 王胜杰¹, 何伦华², 孙光爱³, 肖体乔⁴, 王沿东¹(

)

¹北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室北京 100083
²散裂中子源科学中心东莞 523803
³中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所绵阳 621999
⁴中国科学院上海高等研究院上海光源科学中心上海 201204

Multiscale Residual Stress Evaluation of Engineering Materials/Components Based on Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation Technology

LI Shilei¹, LI Yang¹, WANG Youkang¹, WANG Shengjie¹, HE Lunhua², SUN Guang'ai³, XIAO Tiqiao⁴, WANG Yandong¹(

)

¹State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
²Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
³Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
⁴Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China

引用本文:

李时磊, 李阳, 王友康, 王胜杰, 何伦华, 孙光爱, 肖体乔, 王沿东. 基于中子与同步辐射技术的工程材料/部件多尺度残余应力评价[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(8): 1001-1014.
Shilei LI, Yang LI, Youkang WANG, Shengjie WANG, Lunhua HE, Guang'ai SUN, Tiqiao XIAO, Yandong WANG. Multiscale Residual Stress Evaluation of Engineering Materials/Components Based on Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation Technology[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(8): 1001-1014.

全文: PDF(3520 KB) HTML

摘要:

多尺度残余应力贯穿于工程部件设计、生产、加工和服役的全生命周期，对工程部件的长寿命可靠服役具有重要意义。残余应力具有多层次、跨尺度的分布特征，在温度、载荷等服役环境作用下发生动态演化，给精确表征带来了很大困难。相较于传统实验室X射线残余应力测量方法，中子衍射、同步辐射高能X射线衍射和同步辐射微束衍射技术在穿透深度、时间分辨率、空间分辨率、环境装置等方面具有显著优势，能够实现宏观残余应力、晶间/相间微观应力、晶内超微观应力3类残余应力的原位无损精确表征。本文详细介绍了上述基于中子/同步辐射大科学装置的多尺度应力表征技术的测量原理、应用范围和典型应用案例，并对相关技术的发展进行了展望。

关键词 ：残余应力, 中子衍射, 同步辐射, 高能X射线衍射, 多尺度应力

Abstract：

Multiscale residual stress exists throughout the manufacturing process of engineering components, from design and production to processing and servicing. This stress can impact the machining accuracy, structural load capacity, and fatigue lifespan of these components. Therefore, accurate measurement and regulation of residual stress are critical for ensuring the longevity and reliability of engineering components. However, precise characterization of residual stress is challenging owing to its multilevel and cross-scale distribution traits and dynamic evolution under various conditions, such as temperature and load. Compared with laboratory X-ray measurement methods, neutron diffraction (ND), synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD), and synchrotron-based X-ray microbeam diffraction (μ-XRD) techniques offer increased penetration depth and better time and spatial resolutions. In addition, the ability to attach environmental devices enables nondestructive and accurate in situ characterization of three types of residual stresses: macroscopic residual stress, intergranular or interphase microscopic stress, and intragranular ultramicroscopic stress. ND is currently the only nondestructive method capable of accurately measuring three-dimensional (3D) stress at centimeter-level depths within engineering components. HE-XRD, due to its high flux, excellent collimation, and millimeter-level penetration depth for metals, can be utilized for in situ studies of intergranular and interphase stress evolution and partitioning during deformation. The μ-XRD employs a submicron focused beam and differential aperture technology to analyze depth information of a sample. By conducting point-by-point scanning, it can capture 3D distribution of microscopic stress inside a single grain. Furthermore, our group has developed a novel method and device for depth stress characterization based on differential aperture technology under synchrotron-based high-energy monochromatic X-ray transmission geometry, and can measure stress gradients with high precision from the surface to the interior of engineering materials at millimeter-level depths. This study presents the measurement principles, application ranges, and applications of the above-mentioned multiscale stress characterization technologies based on the neutron/synchrotron facilities as well as envisaging the future development of related technologies.

Key words： residual stress neutron diffraction synchrotron radiation high-energy X-ray diffraction multiscale stress

收稿日期: 2023-04-09

ZTFLH:

TG142.71

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA1600600);国家自然科学基金项目(U2141206);国家自然科学基金项目(52171098);国家自然科学基金项目(51921001)

通讯作者: 王沿东，ydwang@ustb.edu.cn，主要从事中子/同步辐射技术应用于金属材料的研究

Corresponding author: WANG Yandong, professor, Tel:(010)82377942, E-mail: ydwang@ustb.edu.cn

作者简介: 李时磊，男，1982年生，副研究员

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00157 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I8/1001

图1 3类残余应力的作用范围及其导致的衍射峰变化

图2 中子/同步辐射衍射技术在多尺度应力表征上的分辨率和穿透深度

图3 中国绵阳研究堆(CMRR)残余应力中子谱仪(RSND)和中国散裂中子源(CSNS)通用粉末衍射谱仪(GPPD)应力测量系统

图4 粉末涡轮盘三维残余应力的中子测试与模拟结果对比[49]

图5 同步辐射高能X射线衍射(HE-XRD)技术原位拉伸测量示意图及双相不锈钢中的点阵应变演化与应变配分[53]

图6 同步辐射高能X射线衍射技术测量梯度残余应力的原理及结果

图7 同步辐射“成像+衍射”技术联用研究局域应力的原理、装置图、扫描位置及测量结果

图8 X射线衍射差分光阑(DAXM)三维原位表征技术原理图与测量结果[57]

图9 同步辐射透射几何下基于差分光阑技术的深度应力表征方法

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