微弧氧化<strong>6082-T6</strong>铝合金的高周疲劳性能及残余应力松弛机理

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00528

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (3): 334-344 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00528

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

微弧氧化6082-T6铝合金的高周疲劳性能及残余应力松弛机理

苏凯新¹, 张继旺¹(

), 张艳斌², 闫涛³, 李行¹, 纪东东¹

^1.西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室成都 610031
^2.西南交通大学机械工程学院成都 610031
^3.保德利电气设备有限责任公司宝鸡 721000

High-Cycle Fatigue Properties and Residual Stress Relaxation Mechanism of Micro-Arc Oxidation 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy

SU Kaixin¹, ZHANG Jiwang¹(

), ZHANG Yanbin², YAN Tao³, LI Hang¹, JI Dongdong¹

^1.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
^2.School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
^3.Bj -baodeli Electrical Equipment Co. , Ltd. , Baoji 721000, China

引用本文:

苏凯新, 张继旺, 张艳斌, 闫涛, 李行, 纪东东. 微弧氧化6082-T6铝合金的高周疲劳性能及残余应力松弛机理[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(3): 334-344.
Kaixin SU, Jiwang ZHANG, Yanbin ZHANG, Tao YAN, Hang LI, Dongdong JI. High-Cycle Fatigue Properties and Residual Stress Relaxation Mechanism of Micro-Arc Oxidation 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(3): 334-344.

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摘要:

为研究微弧氧化(MAO)处理对高速铁路接触网腕臂用6082-T6铝合金高周疲劳性能的影响，开展了6082-T6铝合金未处理(UP)及MAO处理试样的旋转弯曲疲劳实验，获得了循环应力与疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线。采用激光共聚焦显微镜、纳米压痕仪、XRD和SEM研究了试样的表面形貌及粗糙度、剖面形貌、剖面纳米硬度和弹性模量梯度分布、膜层相成分以及疲劳断口形貌，采用X射线残余应力分析仪获得了不同循环应力下MAO试样膜层-基体界面残余应力的松弛行为。实验结果表明：微弧氧化处理试样的表面形貌严重恶化，并且在膜层与基体交界处存在较大的残余拉应力，导致疲劳性能大幅度降低。此外，当循环应力和基体残余拉应力(平衡膜层的残余应力)之和大于基体材料的循环屈服强度时，膜层-基体界面残余拉应力出现松弛。最后，采用失配应变理论分析了膜层-基体界面残余拉应力的形成机理及其在外加循环应力作用下的松弛机理，深入讨论了在高循环应力和低循环应力作用下，膜层对基体疲劳性能的影响。

关键词 ：铝合金, 微弧氧化, 残余应力, 疲劳性能

Abstract：

Recently, the fatigue failure of aluminum alloy components of high-speed railway catenary is becoming increasingly serious, which causes a threat to the normal operation of high-speed trains. In this study, the effect of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating on the high-cycle fatigue properties of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy for the catenary cantilever of the high-speed railway was studied. First, the rotating bending fatigue tests of untreated (UP) and MAO specimens of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy were performed. Then, the surface morphology and roughness, cross-section morphology, nanoindentation hardness, and elastic modulus gradient distribution, phase composition of MAO coating, and fatigue fracture morphology of the fatigue samples were studied by a confocal laser microscope, nanoindentation, XRD, and SEM. The experimental results showed that after MAO treatment, a large number of micro-cracks and pores were formed on the surface of the samples, and the morphology of the samples severely deteriorated. The XRD results indicated that the closer the coating surface, the stronger was the diffraction peaks of α-Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃. Besides, there was the higher tensile residual stress at the coating-substrate interface, which led to a significant reduction in fatigue properties. The fatigue strength decreased by 26.7% at 2 × 10⁷ cyc. Finally, the formation and relaxation mechanisms of tensile residual stress under cyclic stress were analyzed using mismatch strain theory, and the effects of the coating on the fatigue properties of the substrate under high and low cyclic stresses were discussed further.

Key words： aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation residual stress fatigue property

收稿日期: 2020-12-29

ZTFLH:

TG174.4

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52075457)

作者简介: 苏凯新，男，1996年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00528 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I3/334

图1 力学性能和疲劳性能试样形状及尺寸

图2 残余应力测量示意图

表1 6082-T6 Al合金未处理(UP)和微弧氧化(MAO)试样的力学性能

图3 UP和MAO试样表面形貌及三维轮廓

表2 UP和MAO试样的表面粗糙度 (μm)

图4 MAO膜层表面及内部XRD谱

图5 剖面形貌

图6 膜层硬度及弹性模量分布

图7 UP和MAO试样的循环应力-疲劳寿命曲线

图8 UP和MAO试样的断口形貌(a) UP sample (cyclic stress: 220 MPa) (b) MAO sample (cyclic stress: 180 MPa)

图9 不同循环应力下MAO试样的残余拉应力松弛

图10 MAO膜层-基体界面残余拉应力形成及松弛机理

图11 不同循环应力下MAO试样相比UP试样疲劳寿命的变化趋势

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