形核剂的添加方式对选区激光熔化成形含锆<strong>Al-Cu-Mg</strong>合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00075

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (10): 1281-1291 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00075

研究论文

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形核剂的添加方式对选区激光熔化成形含锆Al-Cu-Mg合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

王凯冬, 刘允中(

), 詹强坤, 黄斌

华南理工大学国家金属材料近净成形工程技术研究中心广州 510640

Effect of Adding Methods of Nucleating Agent on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Zr Modified Al-Cu-Mg Alloys Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

WANG Kaidong, LIU Yunzhong(

), ZHAN Qiangkun, HUANG Bin

National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

引用本文:

王凯冬, 刘允中, 詹强坤, 黄斌. 形核剂的添加方式对选区激光熔化成形含锆Al-Cu-Mg合金显微组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(10): 1281-1291.
Kaidong WANG, Yunzhong LIU, Qiangkun ZHAN, Bin HUANG. Effect of Adding Methods of Nucleating Agent on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Zr Modified Al-Cu-Mg Alloys Prepared by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(10): 1281-1291.

全文: PDF(5343 KB) HTML

摘要:

采用选区激光熔化技术制备了含锆Al-Cu-Mg合金,研究了不同方式添加Al₃Zr形核剂对试样显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,直接添加Al₃Zr和原位生成Al₃Zr均能抑制该合金试样的热裂纹,当激光能量密度为370 J/mm³时,试样的平均晶粒尺寸分别由15.69 μm细化至1.88和1.28 μm。原位生成Al₃Zr提供的形核剂均为亚稳态Al₃Zr立方相(L1₂-Al₃Zr),形核能力高于直接添加Al₃Zr获得的Al₃Zr颗粒和L1₂-Al₃Zr形核剂。原位生成Al₃Zr的Al-Cu-Mg合金综合力学性能更为优异,T6热处理态试样抗拉强度达(485 ± 10) MPa,伸长率比直接添加Al₃Zr的合金高出30%。原位生成Al₃Zr几乎无需通过高的激光能量密度增强Marangoni对流来实现晶粒细化剂的分散,可使Al-Cu-Mg合金适用于较高速率成形。

关键词 ：选区激光熔化, Al-Cu-Mg合金, Al₃Zr, 显微组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is gaining increasing attention in the field of additive manufacturing. Al-Cu-Mg alloy parts manufactured using SLM technology exhibit significant advantages in lightweight design and the integrated formation of complex structural parts in the aerospace field. However, because of their wide freezing ranges, Al-Cu-Mg alloys have a high cracking tendency at a high cooling rate. SLM technology was used to prepare Zr-modified Al-Cu-Mg alloys in this study. Al₃Zr particles were synthesized to directly add to Al-Cu-Mg alloy powders, and ZrH₂ particles were chosen to form Al₃Zr in-situ during SLM processes. The differences between the effects of adding Al₃Zr particles directly and forming Al₃Zr in-situ on the microstructures and the mechanical properties of SLMed Al-Cu-Mg alloys were analyzed. The results show that the common hot tearing in as-built Al-Cu-Mg alloys all disappear due to the addition of Al₃Zr nucleating agent and the in-situ formed Al₃Zr is more conducive to refining grains and improving the plasticity and the processing efficiency of SLMed Al-Cu-Mg alloys. When the laser energy density is 370 J/mm³, the grain size of the samples containing Al₃Zr and in-situ formed Al₃Zr particles are 1.88 and 1.28 μm, respectively. L1₂-Al₃Zr and undissolved or unmelted Al₃Zr particles are the nucleation particles generated by initial Al₃Zr particles; whereas, they are all metastable Al₃Zr (L1₂-Al₃Zr) synthesized in-situ. L1₂-Al₃Zr has a better nucleation ability than initial Al₃Zr particles. The ultimate strength of the heat-treated samples with initial Al₃Zr particles or in-situ formed Al₃Zr can reach (493 ± 2) or (485 ± 10) MPa, respectively. The elongation of the samples with the in-situ formed Al₃Zr is more than 30% higher than that of the samples containing Al₃Zr particles. SLMed Al-Cu-Mg alloys with in-situ formed Al₃Zr are more suitable for medium-high-speed processes because strong Marangoni flow aroused by high laser energy density is unnecessary for in-situ formed Al₃Zr to realize the dispersion of the grain refiner.

Key words： selective laser melting Al-Cu-Mg alloy Al₃Zr microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2021-02-09

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B090907001);广东省重大科技专项项目(2014B010129002)

作者简介: 王凯冬,男,1995年生,硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00075 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I10/1281

图1 原材料的显微组织以及Al3Zr颗粒的XRD谱

图2 Al3Zr/Al-Cu-Mg和ZrH2/Al-Cu-Mg合金复合粉末的显微组织

图3 不同激光能量密度成形的不同成分沉积态Al-Cu-Mg合金的横截面显微组织的OM像

图4 添加与未添加形核剂的沉积态Al-Cu-Mg合金的相对致密度

图5 370 J/mm3激光能量密度成形的不同成分沉积态Al-Cu-Mg合金的纵截面显微组织

图6 370 J/mm3激光能量密度成形的不同成分的沉积态Al-Cu-Mg合金纵截面的反极图和晶粒尺寸分布图

图7 添加与未添加形核剂的沉积态Al-Cu-Mg合金的XRD谱

图8 370 J/mm3激光能量密度成形的直接添加Al3Zr的沉积态Al-Cu-Mg合金TEM像、SAED花样和EDS元素分布图

图9 370 J/mm3激光能量密度成形的含原位生成Al3Zr的沉积态Al-Cu-Mg合金的TEM像及SAED花样

图10 不同激光能量密度成形的不同成分沉积态含锆Al-Cu-Mg合金的SEM背散射像

表1 图10c中团聚相的EDS分析结果 (%)

图11 370 J/mm3激光能量密度成形的热处理态含锆Al-Cu-Mg合金的SEM背散射像

图12 采用不同激光能量密度成形的不同成分Al-Cu-Mg合金的沉积态与热处理态试样的力学性能

图13 370 J/mm3激光能量密度成形的含锆Al-Cu-Mg合金沉积态与热处理态试样的断口形貌

图14 沉积态含锆Al-Cu-Mg合金中含锆相演变的示意图

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