热导型等离子弧焊电弧物理特性和熔池动态行为

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00237

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (5): 693-702 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00237

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

热导型等离子弧焊电弧物理特性和熔池动态行为

李子晗¹, 忻建文¹, 肖笑², 王欢³, 华学明¹(

), 吴东升¹

^1.上海交通大学焊接与激光制造研究所上海 200240
^2.河南科技大学材料科学与工程学院洛阳 471023
^3.沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司上海 200129

The Arc Physical Characteristics and Molten Pool Dynamic Behaviors in Conduction Plasma Arc Welding

LI Zihan¹, XIN Jianwen¹, XIAO Xiao², WANG Huan³, HUA Xueming¹(

), WU Dongsheng¹

^1.Welding and Laser Processing Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
^3.Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding (Group) Co. , Ltd, Shanghai 200129, China

引用本文:

李子晗, 忻建文, 肖笑, 王欢, 华学明, 吴东升. 热导型等离子弧焊电弧物理特性和熔池动态行为[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(5): 693-702.
Zihan LI, Jianwen XIN, Xiao XIAO, Huan WANG, Xueming HUA, Dongsheng WU. The Arc Physical Characteristics and Molten Pool Dynamic Behaviors in Conduction Plasma Arc Welding[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(5): 693-702.

全文: PDF(7903 KB) HTML

摘要:

基于等离子弧和熔池的数值模拟，研究了热导型等离子弧焊的电弧物理特性和熔池动态行为，并使用光谱诊断、熔池红外热成像和示踪粒子检测对数值模拟结果进行了实验验证。结果表明，在热导型等离子弧焊中，等离子体向下冲击熔池表面后，向熔池边缘流动。在熔池内部存在2个相反的涡流，熔池中心的逆时针涡流由电弧压力、Marangoni力和Lorentz力驱动，而熔池尾部的顺时针涡流则由电弧剪切力、Marangoni力和浮力驱动。此外，热导型等离子弧焊中的熔池温度高于小孔型等离子弧焊，这是由热导型等离子弧焊中等离子弧能量密度相对较高，熔池内部对流相对较弱导致的。

关键词 ：热导型等离子弧焊, 数值模拟, 光谱诊断, 红外热成像, 示踪粒子检测

Abstract：

Conduction plasma arc welding is widely used to weld thin stainless-steel plates in a liquefied natural gas carrier, in which high arc energy density can be achieved through the constraint effects of the constricting nozzle. However, the welding current is relatively low, such that a keyhole is not formed inside the molten pool in conduction plasma arc welding, causing significantly different arc physical characteristics and molten pool dynamic behaviors from those of keyhole plasma arc welding. In this study, a one-way coupled electrode-arc-molten pool model was developed, and spectral analysis, infrared thermography, and particle tracing methods were used to investigate the arc physical characteristics and molten pool dynamic behaviors in conduction plasma arc welding. In conduction plasma arc welding, numerical and experimental results show that plasma impinges on the surface and flows toward the edge of the molten pool. Two contrary convective eddies were found inside the molten pool. The counterclockwise eddy at the center of the molten pool is driven by arc pressure, Marangoni forces, and Lorentz forces, and the clockwise eddy at the rear part of the molten pool is driven by plasma shear stress, Marangoni forces, and buoyancy forces. Additionally, the maximum temperature of the molten pool in conduction plasma arc welding is higher than that in keyhole plasma arc welding due to higher arc energy density and weaker convection.

Key words： conduction plasma arc welding numerical simulation spectral analysis infrared thermography particle tracing

收稿日期: 2020-07-06

ZTFLH:

TG456.2

基金资助:工业和信息化部高技术船舶科研计划项目

作者简介: 李子晗，男，1997年生，硕士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00237 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I5/693

图1 等离子弧-熔池单向耦合数值模拟框架

图2 熔池表面变形前后电弧剪切力方向

表1 SUS304不锈钢主要物性参数

图3 等离子弧焊实验装置示意图

图4 等离子弧温度和流速分布

图5 轴线上等离子弧温度和流速分布及母材表面电弧压力和电弧剪切力分布

图6 y0 = 0对称面熔池不同时间下的温度分布、流场分布及三维流速分布

图7 y0 = 0 mm、z0 = 8.3 mm处等离子弧的辐射光谱及等离子弧温度模拟结果与实验结果对比

图8 示踪粒子流动行为(a) t = 4.8 s (b) t = 4.8 s + 1.5 ms (c) t = 4.8 s + 3 ms(d) t = 4.8 s + 4.5 ms (e) t = 4.8 s + 11 ms (f) t = 4.8 s + 15 ms

图9 熔池上表面红外热成像图及熔池表面温度实验结果与模拟结果对比

图10 焊缝熔合线对比

图11 热导型等离子弧焊(PAW)中的动量耦合机制和能量耦合机制示意图

图12 小孔型PAW中的动量耦合机制示意图

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