选区激光熔化<strong>316L</strong>不锈钢的拉伸性能

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00278

金属学报

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (5): 683-692 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00278

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

选区激光熔化316L不锈钢的拉伸性能

余晨帆¹, 赵聪聪¹, 张哲峰², 刘伟¹(

)

1.清华大学材料学院北京 100084
2.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016

Tensile Properties of Selective Laser Melted 316L Stainless Steel

YU Chenfan¹, ZHAO Congcong¹, ZHANG Zhefeng², LIU Wei¹(

)

1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

余晨帆, 赵聪聪, 张哲峰, 刘伟. 选区激光熔化316L不锈钢的拉伸性能[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(5): 683-692.
Chenfan YU, Congcong ZHAO, Zhefeng ZHANG, Wei LIU. Tensile Properties of Selective Laser Melted 316L Stainless Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(5): 683-692.

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摘要:

对选区激光熔化(selective laser melting，SLM) 316L不锈钢的拉伸性能及断裂机制进行了研究，并对拉伸断裂后的试样进行显微组织表征与分析，探究了拉伸变形过程中微观组织的演化规律。结果表明：采用选区激光熔化技术制备的316L不锈钢具有较好的强塑性匹配，其中晶粒内部纳米尺度胞状结构有助于强度的提升；其拉伸性能明显优于传统手段制备的316L不锈钢。选区激光熔化316L不锈钢在拉伸过程中奥氏体晶粒内部产生形变孪晶，并且形变孪晶的出现存在取向相关，在取向接近<001>的晶粒中不易出现，而在取向接近<110>-<111>的晶粒中较易出现。

关键词 ：选区激光熔化, 316L不锈钢, 拉伸性能, 形变孪晶

Abstract：

Selective laser melting (SLM), as the most common additive manufacturing (AM) method, is capable of manufacturing metallic components with complex shape layer by layer. Compared with conventional manufacturing technologies such as casting or forging, the SLM technology has the advantages of high degree accuracy, high material utilization rate and environmentally friendly, and has attracted great attention in the fields of aerospace, nuclear power and medicine. The 316L austenitic stainless steel is widely used in the industrial field because of the excellent corrosion resistance and plasticity. It is also one of the commonly used material systems for SLM. In this work, the tensile properties and fracture mechanism of 316L stainless steel fabricated via SLM technology were investigated. The microstructure of the SLMed 316L specimens after tensile fracture was characterized and analyzed. The results show that the SLMed 316L stainless steel has a relatively desirable combination of strength and ductility, and its tensile performance is obviously better than that of 316L stainless steel prepared by traditional methods. The nanometer-scale cell structure inside the grain contributes to the improvement of strength. Deformation twins were observed in the SLMed 316L stainless steel after tensile test. The appearance of twins is oriented-dependent, and it is easy to occur in the grain with the direction near <110>-<111>.

Key words： selective laser melting 316L stainless steel tensile property deformation twinning

收稿日期: 2019-08-19

ZTFLH:

TG142

基金资助:国家磁约束核聚变能发展研究专项项目(2014GB117000)

作者简介: 余晨帆，男，1990年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00278 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2020/V56/I5/683

图1 拉伸试样尺寸示意图

图2 316L不锈钢粉体形貌的SEM像

图3 选区激光熔化成形316L不锈钢中的胞状结构

图4 选区激光熔化316L不锈钢拉伸工程应力-应变曲线

表1 选区激光熔化316L不锈钢不同增材方向的拉伸性能

图5 选区激光熔化成形316L不锈钢与传统制备方式成形316L不锈钢拉伸性能[22,23,24,25,26,27,28]比较

图6 选区激光熔化成形316L不锈钢不同方向增材试样拉伸断口形貌的SEM像

图7 选区激光熔化316L不锈钢不同方向增材试样拉伸断裂后微观组织的EBSD分析

图8 选区激光熔化316L不锈钢不同方向增材试样拉伸断裂前后的局部取向差分布

图9 选区激光熔化316L不锈钢水平方向增材试样拉伸变形后形变孪晶形貌的EBSD分析及取向差角

图10 水平方向增材316L不锈钢拉伸断裂后晶粒的取向分布图

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