选区激光熔化 <strong><i>γ'</i></strong> 相强化镍基高温合金裂纹形成机理与抗裂纹设计研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00434

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (1): 16-30 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00434

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选区激光熔化 γ' 相强化镍基高温合金裂纹形成机理与抗裂纹设计研究进展

祝国梁¹^,²(

), 孔德成¹^,², 周文哲¹^,², 贺戬¹^,², 董安平¹^,², 疏达¹^,², 孙宝德¹^,²

1.上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海市先进高温材料及其精密成形重点实验室上海 200240
2.上海交通大学金属基复合材料国家重点实验室上海 200240

Research Progress on the Crack Formation Mechanism and Cracking-Free Design of γ' Phase Strengthened Nickel-Based Superalloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

ZHU Guoliang¹^,²(

), KONG Decheng¹^,², ZHOU Wenzhe¹^,², HE Jian¹^,², DONG Anping¹^,², SHU Da¹^,², SUN Baode¹^,²

1.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

祝国梁, 孔德成, 周文哲, 贺戬, 董安平, 疏达, 孙宝德. 选区激光熔化 γ' 相强化镍基高温合金裂纹形成机理与抗裂纹设计研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(1): 16-30.
Guoliang ZHU, Decheng KONG, Wenzhe ZHOU, Jian HE, Anping DONG, Da SHU, Baode SUN. Research Progress on the Crack Formation Mechanism and Cracking-Free Design of γ' Phase Strengthened Nickel-Based Superalloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(1): 16-30.

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摘要:

传统牌号高强镍基高温合金具有较宽的凝固温度区间、较高比例的低熔点共晶相，在增材制造快速非平衡凝固过程中易产生裂纹等缺陷；同时，热处理过程中残余应力释放和γ'相快速析出导致应变时效裂纹的形成，严重限制了其在激光增材制造领域的应用与推广。基于此，本文综述了近年来国内外研究组及作者团队在选区激光熔化高强镍基高温合金裂纹形成机理与抗裂纹设计(成形工艺参数优化、热处理制度调控以及合金成分设计)领域相关的研究进展，并对激光增材制造γ'相强化镍基高温合金裂纹调控的研究进行了展望。

关键词 ：选区激光熔化, 高强镍基高温合金, 裂纹, 抗裂纹设计

Abstract：

Traditional high-strength nickel-based superalloys have a wide solidification temperature range and high proportion of low melting point eutectic phases, which are prone to cracking during rapid nonequilibrium solidification. The residual stress release and rapid nucleation of γ' precipitate during the post-heat treatment process result in crack formation for high-strength nickel-based superalloys, which limits their application and promotion in the field of additive manufacturing. In this review, the research progress in crack formation mechanism and cracking-free design (printing parameter optimization, post-treatment regulation, and alloying design) of high-strength nickel-based superalloys fabricated via additive manufacturing is presented. Additionally, research prospects related to crack control of additively manufactured high-strength nickel-based superalloys are proposed.

Key words： selective laser melting high-strength nickel-based superalloy crack cracking-free design

收稿日期: 2022-09-01

ZTFLH:

TG146.15

基金资助:中国博士后科学基金项目(2022TQ0203)

作者简介: 祝国梁，男，1983年生，研究员，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00434 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V59/I1/16

图1 镍基高温合金的可焊接性能(裂纹敏感性)与合金元素的关联[9,11]

图2 选区激光熔化CM247LC高强镍基高温合金典型的裂纹形貌[22]

图3 不可焊高Al、Ti镍基高温合金晶界处裂纹尖端的原子重构结果(箭头1所示为穿过γ'/GB/γ界面的一维元素分布)[29]

图4 不同析出相类型镍基高温合金热处理开裂的温度与时间关系[41]，选区激光熔化CM247LC合金不同温度热处理2 h后裂纹密度统计，晶界处高温失塑裂纹与应变时效裂纹形貌[42]

图5 选区激光熔化过程残余应力分布和形成机制的示意图，块状样品切除基板前后的残余应力分布情况[51]

图6 选区激光熔化高强镍基高温合金成形质量与扫描速率和扫描策略的对应关系[55,56]

图7 连续波和脉冲波模式下同一点(P2)的温度分布、冷却速率与时间的关系，以及连续波模式和脉冲波模型下制造的IN738LC合金的缺陷[57]

图8 不同厚度样品基板预热前后底部开裂情况[60]，基板预热温度对高强镍基高温合金裂纹密度及残余应力的影响规律[51]

图9 热等静压前后增材制造样品内部裂纹的形貌特征[66]以及样品表面的裂纹缺陷分布情况[55]

图10 第二相碳化物添加前后选区激光熔化IN738LC合金裂纹情况对比及裂纹和晶界处的元素分布情况[69]

图11 激光增材制造无裂纹镍基高温合金设计[22]和增材制造新型镍基高温合金性能设计对比[80]

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