<strong>34CrNi1Mo/Q355B</strong>异种钢对接接头残余应力及焊后热处理对残余应力的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00249

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (1): 203-216 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00249

研究论文

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34CrNi1Mo/Q355B异种钢对接接头残余应力及焊后热处理对残余应力的影响

瞿铁¹, 谢杨², 王重阳³, 李利霞¹, 徐侠剑¹, 毛峙溆², 骆文泽², 黄智泉³, 邓德安²(

)

1 中信重工机械股份有限公司洛阳 471039
2 重庆大学材料科学与工程学院重庆 400045
3 中国机械总院集团郑州机械研究所有限公司郑州 450001

Residual Stress in a 34CrNi1Mo/Q355B Dissimilar Steel Butt Joint and the Effects of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Residual Stress

QU Tie¹, XIE Yang², WANG Chongyang³, LI Lixia¹, XU Xiajian¹, MAO Zhixu², LUO Wenze², HUANG Zhiquan³, DENG Dean²(

)

1 CITIC Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. , Luoyang 471039, China
2 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
3 China Machinery General Institute Group Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Co. Ltd. , Zhengzhou 450001, China

引用本文:

瞿铁, 谢杨, 王重阳, 李利霞, 徐侠剑, 毛峙溆, 骆文泽, 黄智泉, 邓德安. 34CrNi1Mo/Q355B异种钢对接接头残余应力及焊后热处理对残余应力的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(1): 203-216.
Tie QU, Yang XIE, Chongyang WANG, Lixia LI, Xiajian XU, Zhixu MAO, Wenze LUO, Zhiquan HUANG, Dean DENG. Residual Stress in a 34CrNi1Mo/Q355B Dissimilar Steel Butt Joint and the Effects of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Residual Stress[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(1): 203-216.

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摘要:

34CrNi1Mo齿轮钢在焊接过程中产生的残余应力可能对服役过程产生不利影响，如应力腐蚀开裂和疲劳强度降低。因此，准确预测和有效控制焊接接头残余应力具有重要意义。本工作采用34CrNi1Mo钢和Q355B钢制备了板厚为40 mm的异种钢多层多道对接接头，并采用盲孔法测量了焊后和热处理后的残余应力。基于MSC. Marc软件，在考虑中碳调质钢(34CrNi1Mo钢)固态相变的基础上，建立了“热-冶金-力学”多场耦合有限元模型模拟焊接残余应力，同时建立了考虑蠕变效应的“热-弹/塑性”有限元模型模拟焊后热处理时的应力变化。讨论了焊接过程中固态相变对残余应力分布的影响规律，以及热处理过程中的蠕变行为对焊接残余应力松弛程度的影响。数值模拟结果与实验结果对比表明，固态相变对中碳调质钢热影响区的纵向和横向的残余应力大小及分布均有显著影响；在模拟热处理过程时，仅考虑屈服强度随温度变化关系时，预测得到的残余应力结果与实验值有显著偏差；而考虑蠕变后的计算结果与实测值吻合良好。

关键词 ：残余应力, 中碳调质钢, 固态相变, 蠕变效应, 数值模拟

Abstract：

Residual stress generated during the welding of 34CrNi1Mo gear steel can lead to stress corrosion cracking and reduced fatigue strength. Therefore, the accurate prediction and effective control of residual stress in welded joints are of critical importance. In this study, a multipass butt joint with a plate thickness of 40 mm was fabricated using 34CrNi1Mo and Q355B steels. The residual stresses after welding and post-weld heat treatment were measured using the hole-drilling method. Based on the MSC.Marc software platform and the solid-state phase transformation characteristics of medium-carbon quenched and tempered steel (34CrNi1Mo steel), a thermal-metallurgical-mechanical multifield coupled finite element model was developed to simulate welding-induced residual stress. Additionally, a thermal-elastic/plastic finite element model that accounts for creep effects was developed to simulate stress evolution during post-weld heat treatment. This work primarily investigates the effects of solid-state phase transformation during welding on the distribution of residual stress as well as the effects of creep behavior during heat treatment on the degree of residual stress relaxation. A comparison of simulation results and experimental measurements indicates that solid-state phase transformation considerably affects the magnitude and distribution of longitudinal and transverse residual stresses in the heat-affected zone on the side of the medium-carbon quenched and tempered steel. When simulating heat treatment, the consideration of only the temperature-dependent variations in yield strength leads to considerable discrepancies between the predicted and experimental residual stress values. However, simulation results that incorporate the creep effect exhibit excellent agreement with the experimental data.

Key words： residual stress medium-carbon quenched and tempered steel solid-state phase transition creep effect numerical simulation

收稿日期: 2025-08-25

ZTFLH:

TG404

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51875063)

通讯作者: 邓德安，deandeng@cqu.edu.cn，主要从事焊接过程数值模拟相关研究

作者简介: 瞿铁，男，1963年生，教授级高级工程师

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	瞿铁
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	黄智泉
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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00249 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I1/203

表1 34CrNi1Mo钢和Q355B钢母材及ER50-6和H10Mn2焊丝的化学成分

图1 34CrNi1Mo钢不同冷却速率下的热膨胀曲线

图2 对接接头的有限元模型

图3 34CrNi1Mo钢的热物性参数

图4 34CrNi1Mo钢的模拟热影响区连续冷却转变(SHCCT)曲线

图5 JMatPro软件计算得到的34CrNi1Mo钢中各相的屈服强度

图6 Q355B和34CrNi1Mo钢的性能

表2 数值模拟计算案例

图7 34CrNi1Mo与Q355B钢对接接头瞬时温度分布云图及接头熔化区域截面微观形貌与峰值温度分布云图对比

图8 Q355B钢微观组织的OM像

图9 34CrNi1Mo钢微观组织的OM像

图10 34CrNi1Mo与Q355B钢对接接头中马氏体和贝氏体相体积分数

图11 Case A 和Case B中34CrNi1Mo与Q355B钢对接接头的上表面及中央截面焊缝附近的纵向残余应力分布云图

图12 Case A 和Case B中路径L1纵向残余应力计算结果与实验测量结果比较

图13 Case A和Case B中34CrNi1Mo与Q355B钢对接接头的上表面及中央截面焊缝附近的横向残余应力分布云图

图14 Case A 和Case B中沿路径L1的横向残余应力计算结果与实验测量结果对比

图15 Case B~D中34CrNi1Mo与Q355B钢对接接头的下表面及中央截面焊缝附近的纵向残余应力分布云图

图16 Cases B~D中沿路径L2的纵向残余应力计算结果与实验测量结果的比较

图17 Cases B~D中34CrNi1Mo与Q355B钢对接接头的下表面及中央截面焊缝附近的横向残余应力分布云图

图18 Cases B~D中沿路径L2的横向残余应力计算结果与实验测量结果的比较

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