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金属学报    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00240
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2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊热-力-流全耦合仿真及材料流动-沉积轨迹定量解析
韩鸿华,史清宇,杨诚乐,孔德帅,陈高强
清华大学 机械工程系 清洁高效透平动力装备全国重点实验室  北京 100084
Thermo-mechanical-flow Fully Coupled Simulation and Quantitative Analysis of Material Flow–deposition Trajectory during Friction Stir Welding of 2219 Al Alloy

HAN Honghua, SHI Qingyu, YANG Chengle, KONG Deshuai, CHEN Gaoqiang

State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

引用本文:

韩鸿华 史清宇 杨诚乐 孔德帅 陈高强. 2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊热-力-流全耦合仿真及材料流动-沉积轨迹定量解析[J]. 金属学报, DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00240.

全文: PDF(3833 KB)  
摘要: 搅拌摩擦焊接(FSW)过程中材料在数秒时间内迅速完成材料流动-沉积过程,由于实验观测困难,目前对材料流经搅拌头附近的完整轨迹仍缺少深入认识。本文以2219-T87铝合金FSW过程为研究对象,构建了FSW过程热-力-流全耦合仿真模型,并运用轨迹追踪算法,着重分析了FSW过程中材料流动-沉积的轨迹。分析发现,焊接过程中材料的流动-沉积行为受其所处位置影响,靠近轴肩的材料流经搅拌头附近的轨迹呈多圈绕流模式,材料在流动过程中,绕行半径由大变小,并在搅拌针附近发生显著的向下迁移,沉积位置均位于前进侧。相比之下,远离轴肩的材料呈现出直通流动模式,材料未完成整圈后便沉积在搅拌针后方,前进侧材料焊后沉积在前进侧,后退侧材料焊后沉积在后退侧。
关键词 搅拌摩擦焊铝合金材料流动数值模拟    
Abstract:During friction stir welding, the material undergoes a highly rapid flow–deposition process completed within a few seconds. Owing to experimental difficulties, the complete trajectory of material flow around the tool remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, a fully coupled thermo-mechanical-flow model was established for the FSW of 2219-T87 Al alloy, and a trajectory-tracking algorithm was employed to quantitatively characterize the material flow–deposition trajectory during the process. The predicted temperature history and the geometry of the flow zone agree closely with experimental data. On the section Z =7 mm, the peak downward vertical velocity of the material reaches 16.57 mm/s at the advancing side of the pin, whereas the peak upward vertical velocity attains 10.47 mm/s at the retreating side. The analysis reveals that the material’s flow–deposition behavior is strongly position-dependent. Material adjacent to the shoulder follows a multi-loop spiral trajectory around the tool; during this motion the loop radius progressively decreases, and the material migrates markedly downwards in the vicinity of the pin. All deposits are finally located on the advancing side. In contrast, material remote from the shoulder exhibits a through-flow pattern: it deposits behind the pin without completing a full revolution. Post-weld deposits originating from the advancing side remain on the advancing side, whereas those from the retreating side settle on the retreating side.
Key wordsfriction stir welding    aluminum alloy    material flow    numerical simulation
收稿日期: 2025-08-20     
ZTFLH:  TG456.9  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目
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