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金属学报  2020, Vol. 56 Issue (3): 374-384    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00198
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
钛合金薄壁件选区激光熔化应力演变的数值模拟
柯林达1,殷杰2(),朱海红2,彭刚勇2,孙京丽1,陈昌棚2,王国庆3,李中权1,曾晓雁2
1. 上海航天精密机械研究所上海金属材料近净成形工程技术研究中心 上海 201600
2. 华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心 武汉 430074
3. 中国运载火箭技术研究院 北京 100076
Numerical Simulation of Stress Evolution of Thin-Wall Titanium Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
KE Linda1,YIN Jie2(),ZHU Haihong2,PENG Gangyong2,SUN Jingli1,CHEN Changpeng2,WANG Guoqing3,LI Zhongquan1,ZENG Xiaoyan2
1. Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials, Shanghai Spaceflight Precision Machinery Institute, Shanghai 201600, China
2. Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
3. China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China
引用本文:

柯林达,殷杰,朱海红,彭刚勇,孙京丽,陈昌棚,王国庆,李中权,曾晓雁. 钛合金薄壁件选区激光熔化应力演变的数值模拟[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(3): 374-384.
Linda KE, Jie YIN, Haihong ZHU, Gangyong PENG, Jingli SUN, Changpeng CHEN, Guoqing WANG, Zhongquan LI, Xiaoyan ZENG. Numerical Simulation of Stress Evolution of Thin-Wall Titanium Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(3): 374-384.

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摘要: 

建立了选区激光熔化(SLM)热-结构耦合瞬时动态有限元模型,探究了激光扫描速率和铺粉层厚度对SLM成形钛合金薄壁件应力演变的影响。结果表明,在热循环作用下,SLM成形钛合金薄壁件的应力演变呈周期性变化。在热应力循环去应力退火作用下,热应力极大值在加热阶段先增加后减小,最后在冷却阶段趋于稳定并接近残余应力。SLM成形薄壁件最终残余应力小于加热过程中的瞬时应力峰值。随沉积高度的增加,热循环作用减弱,应力极大值下降幅度逐渐减小。经过多次热循环去应力退火作用后,SLM成形薄壁件过程中的热应力极大值下降幅度可达30%以上。

关键词 钛合金薄壁件应力演变选区激光熔化增材制造    
Abstract

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a very promising additive manufacturing (AM) technology for fabrication of thin-walled parts due to its high forming accuracy with complex shape. The higher temperature gradient in rapid heating and cooling process is prone to produce larger thermal stress, which will induce warpage deformation of SLMed parts. However, most of the current SLM stress studies focus on the residual stress, and only a few reports on the transient stress in the thermal cycle during SLM. In this work, a thermal-mechanical coupled transient dynamic finite element model was established to study the effects of laser scan rate and layer thickness on stress evolution during SLM processing. The results show that under the action of thermal cycle, the internal stress evolution in SLM of titanium alloy thin-walled parts presents a thermal stress cycle. Under the relief annealing of the thermal stress cycle, the peak thermal stress increases first and then decreases in the heating stage, and stabilizes and approaches the value of residual stress in the cooling stage. The residual stress of SLMed thin-walled parts is less than the transient peak stress during heating. After several thermal cycles with stress relief annealing effect, the peak thermal stress of SLM thin-walled parts can be reduced by more than 30%.

Key wordstitanium alloy    thin-wall parts    stress evolution    selective laser melting    additive manufacturing
收稿日期: 2019-06-19     
ZTFLH:  TN249  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(61805095);国家自然科学基金项目(51701116);上海市“科技创新行动计划”基础研究重点科技项目(17JC1402600);上海航天科技创新基金项目(SAST2017-58);上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划项目(16YF1405000)
作者简介: 柯林达,男,1986年生,高级工程师,博士
图1  Ti-6Al-4V合金热导率和体积焓随温度的变化规律
图2  Ti-6Al-4V合金弹性模量和屈服强度随温度的变化规律
图3  选区激光熔化(SLM)成形Ti-6Al-4V合金薄壁件在不同激光扫描速率下的温度分布和熔池演变
图4  不同激光扫描速率下熔池尺寸的数值模拟与实验结果对比
图5  SLM成形Ti-6Al-4V合金薄壁件晶粒生长方向的数值模拟与实验结果对比
图6  SLM成形薄壁件残余应力的数值模拟与实验结果对比
图7  激光扫描速率对SLM成形钛合金薄壁件应力的影响
图8  SLM成形钛合金薄壁件第1层上表面节点D1示意图及不同铺粉层厚度条件下的热应力循环与热循环
图9  热循环去应力退火作用下不同铺粉厚度时冷却阶段节点D1的热应力下降幅度和比例
图10  热循环去应力退火作用下不同铺粉厚度时加热阶段节点D1热应力下降幅度及比例
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