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金属学报  2018, Vol. 54 Issue (11): 1597-1617    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00392
  材料与工艺 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接的研究现状与展望
马宗义1(), 商乔1,2, 倪丁瑞1, 肖伯律1
1 中国科学院金属研究所 沈阳 110016
2 中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110016
Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloys: A Review
Zongyi MA1(), Qiao SHANG1,2, Dingrui NI1, Bolv XIAO1
1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
引用本文:

马宗义, 商乔, 倪丁瑞, 肖伯律. 镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接的研究现状与展望[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(11): 1597-1617.
Zongyi MA, Qiao SHANG, Dingrui NI, Bolv XIAO. Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloys: A Review[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(11): 1597-1617.

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摘要: 

近年来,镁合金在汽车、轨道交通、航空航天等领域的应用需求快速增长,其可靠连接的重要性愈发突出。作为固相焊接技术,搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)对镁合金焊接具有独特优势,因此得到了广泛关注。本文重点综述了镁合金常规对接FSW的研究进展,就焊接工艺、微观组织演化、织构分布特征、接头力学性能及其之间的相互作用机制进行了详细分析与评述。研究表明,不同于铝合金,在变形镁合金FSW时,织构是影响接头性能的关键因素,焊后形成的特殊强织构分布是导致接头难以达到与母材同等强度的主要原因。同时,对其它焊接形式如搭接焊、点焊、双面焊的可焊性及接头性能的影响因素与变化规律进行了讨论,并对镁合金与其它镁合金、铝合金以及钢之间异种焊的可焊性、界面结合机制、接头性能的影响因素及调控方法进行了评述。最后,对镁合金FSW的未来研究方向进行了展望。

关键词 镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接异种焊组织演化接头性能    
Abstract

In recent years, the increasing application demand for Mg alloys in automobile, rail transport, aviation and aerospace industries brings about the growing prominence of seeking reliable techniques to join Mg alloys. As a solid state welding method, friction stir welding (FSW) exhibits unique advantages in joining Mg alloys, and thus arouses widespread research interest. This paper emphatically reviewed the research status of conventional friction stir butt-welding of Mg alloys, and highlighted the welding process, microstructure evolution, texture characteristics, mechanical behavior and their interaction mechanisms. It was indicated that the texture plays a vital role in FSW joint performance of wrought Mg alloys, which is quite different from that in the FSW Al alloy joints. The specific strong texture formed in the weld is the main factor that gives rise to the impediment to achieving equal-strength joints to base materials. At the same time, some focuses like the weldability and the factors that influence joint performance in other types of FSW like lap welding, spot welding and double-sided welding; the weldability, interface bonding mechanism, joint performance and its affecting factors and optimization methods in dissimilar FSW between Mg alloys and other materials like Mg alloys of other grades, Al alloys and steels, were summarized and discussed. Finally, the future research and development directions in FSW of Mg alloys were prospected.

Key wordsMg alloy    friction stir welding    dissimilar welding    microstructure evolution    joint performance
收稿日期: 2018-08-20     
ZTFLH:  TG457  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目No.51331008
作者简介: 作者简介:马宗义,男,1963年生,研究员;商 乔(共同第一作者),男,1991年生,博士生
图1  搅拌摩擦焊接示意图[2]
图2  挤压态AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头宏观形貌[3]
图3  挤压态AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织[3]
图4  AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头搅拌区的织构分布[29]
图5  工具运动导致剪切层形成示意图[30]
图6  挤压态AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头近焊核边界处热机影响区的织构梯度变化[3]
No. BM Thickness of BM / mm YS/UTS of BM MPa YS/UTS of joint
MPa
Joint efficiency
%
Ref.
1 Hot-rolled AZ31 2 155/255 80~105/160~190 63~75 [8]
2 Extruded AZ31 6.4 92~158/243 70~96/211~224 87~92 [3]
3 AZ31B-H24 2 215/290 130~180/210~240 72~82 [25]
4 AZ31B-O 6.5 150/230 -/180 78 [26]
5 Hot-rolled AZ31 6 62~135/302~334 (true stress) 70~88/262~267
(true stress)
78~88 [36]
6 Hot-rolled AZ31 6.3 153/250 105/203~215 81~86 [50]
7 AZ31-H24 4 281/321 100~114/185~211 58~66 [51]
8 AZ31 9 122/284 82~105/185~232 65~82 [52]
9 AZ31 2 and 3.2 -/250~270 -/185~230 69~92 [53]
10 AZ31 4 -/275 -/190~255 69~93 [54]
11 AZ31B-H24 4.95 208/309 100~130/170~200 55~65 [42]
12 AZ31B-H24 2 -/286 150~180/200~220 69~78 [55]
13 AZ31-H24 3.175 228/308 95~115/200~226 66~75 [56]
14 Extruded AZ31B 4 -/305 -/175~293 57~96 [57]
15 Hot-rolled AZ31 2 153/250 92~117/216~238 86~95 [58]
16 AZ61 6.3 170/300 110/280 93 [66]
17 Extruded AZ61A 6 217/271 110~177/138~224 51~83 [67]
18 AZ61 2.5 -/320 -/300 94 [68]
19 Extruded AZ61 5 202/289 169~181/229~296 79~100 [69]
20 Extruded AZ80 6 179/330 159~167/274~305 83~92 [16]
21 Extruded AZ80 6.3 246/356 165~230/234~312 65~87 [70]
22 Extruded ZK60 8 165/290 125/250 86 [22]
23 Forged Mg-Zn-Y-Zr 6 120/275 110/260 94 [23]
24 Hot-extruded Mg-5Al-3Sn 2.8 217/297 123~166/245~259 82~87 [71]
25 Hot-extruded Mg-5Al-1Sn 3 -/285 -/223~258 78~91 [72]
26 Hot-rolled ZM21 5, 10 and 25 120/227 102~106/173~198 76~87 [73]
27 Rolled NZ20K 2 -/210 -/191 91 [74]
表1  变形镁合金FSW接头拉伸性能汇总[3,8,16,22,23,25,26,36,42,50~58,66~74]
图7  AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头在拉伸变形后期的表面宏观形貌与拉伸孪晶分布区域的对比[29]
图8  AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头在拉伸变形后期搅拌区内不同位置的显微织构(母晶取向组分+孪晶取向组分)[29]
图9  不同应力水平下AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头表面的局部拉伸应变分布[29]
图10  AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头拉伸后期在焊核中部生成的{1011}-{1012}二次孪晶[3]
图11  带Zn夹层AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦点焊接头界面处形成的α-Mg+MgZn共晶组织及多种Mg-Zn金属间化合物[105]
图12  挤压态AZ31镁合金双面一体式(bobbin-tool)搅拌摩擦焊接头宏观形貌
图13  AZ31镁合金与钢板(热浸镀上含Al的Zn层)搭接焊界面的TEM像及EDS结果[140]
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