镁及其合金导热研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00520

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (4): 400-411 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00520

综述

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镁及其合金导热研究进展

曾小勤(

), 王杰, 应韬, 丁文江

上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海 200240

Recent Progress on Thermal Conductivity of Magnesium and Its Alloys

ZENG Xiaoqin(

), WANG Jie, YING Tao, DING Wenjiang

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

曾小勤, 王杰, 应韬, 丁文江. 镁及其合金导热研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(4): 400-411.
Xiaoqin ZENG, Jie WANG, Tao YING, Wenjiang DING. Recent Progress on Thermal Conductivity of Magnesium and Its Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(4): 400-411.

全文: PDF(1917 KB) HTML

摘要:

本文简要回顾了国内外镁合金导热行为和导热机制的研究工作，梳理了影响镁合金导热的因素，如固溶原子、变形和温度等。在此基础上，归纳总结了高导热镁合金的发展，并讨论了导热与力学性能之间的倒置关系，最后提出高导热镁合金的设计思路和发展方向。主要结论如下：固溶原子会导致晶格畸变而降低镁合金热导率，与其化合价、原子半径和原子核额外电子有关；第二相与Mg基体的界面会对电子运动产生阻碍作用，进而削弱热导性能，具体与其形貌、尺寸、分布和含量相关；对于变形镁合金，沿径向或法向方向的导热性能往往优于挤压或轧制方向；温度是影响镁合金热导率的重要因素，在不同的温度区间内，热导率的主要散射机制不同，一般需要对各温度区间分开讨论。未来关于导热镁合金的研究仍有必要继续深入，可以重点聚焦于以下方面：镁合金显微组织与其导热性能的关系量化；多元镁合金的导热行为及其导热模型的建立；高导热镁合金成分设计与组织控制；镁合金导热行为的物理本质探究。

关键词 ：镁合金, 热导率, 电阻率, 固溶原子, 热处理

Abstract：

This article reviews recent progress on the thermal conductivity of magnesium and its alloys. First, lattice distortion induced by solute atoms negatively impacts the thermal conductivity of Mg alloys, which is correlated to three properties of solute atoms: atomic radius, chemical valency, and extra-nuclear electrons. Second, the formation of intermetallic compounds, which is accompanied by the creation of new phase interfaces that act as barriers to the movement of electrons, negatively impacts the thermal conductivity of Mg alloys. This negative effect is correlated to the morphology, size, distribution, and content of secondary phases. Thermal conductivity along the transverse or normal direction is superior to that along the extrusion or rolling direction for wrought Mg alloys with basal texture. Further, temperature significantly influences the thermal conductivity of Mg alloys; however, the underlying mechanisms vary depending on the temperature range and should be discussed separately. These aspects of research on Mg alloys with high thermal conductivity are still necessary in the future: quantifying the relationship between microstructure and thermal conductivity; thermal behavior of multicomponent Mg alloys and the establishment of its thermal conductivity model; compositional design and microstructural control of high thermal conductivity Mg alloys; physical nature of thermal behavior in Mg alloys.

Key words： magnesium alloy thermal conductivity electrical resistivity solute atom heat treatment

收稿日期: 2021-11-30

ZTFLH:

TB31

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3701101);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1505901)

作者简介: 曾小勤，男，1974年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00520 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I4/400

图1 合金元素对镁合金室温热导率的影响[14]

图2 二元镁合金热阻率及电阻率随成分变化[18]

图3 固溶处理二元镁合金热导率随合金元素含量的变化：元素以固溶原子形式存在，及元素以第二相形式存在[14]

图4 铸态、固溶态和时效态Mg-Nd二元合金热扩散系数和热导率随Nd含量的变化[25]

图5 挤压态 Mg-Al 合金热导率的各向异性[40]

图6 铸态Mg-Al二元合金的热导率[43]

图7 Mg-Zn、Mg-Al和Mg-Mn合金以及纯Mg的热导率随温度的变化[17]

表1 常见镁合金的热导率和力学性能[1,18,30,52~57]

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