脉冲电流对<strong>AZ91</strong>镁合金温挤压过程中动态析出和微观组织的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00256

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (1): 129-142 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00256

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

脉冲电流对AZ91镁合金温挤压过程中动态析出和微观组织的影响

王彬杉¹^,², 徐光¹^,², 任睿¹^,², 张强¹^,²^,³, 单召辉⁴, 樊建锋¹^,²^,³(

)

1 太原理工大学新材料界面科学与工程教育部重点实验室太原 030024
2 太原理工大学材料科学与工程学院太原 030024
3 太原理工大学镁基材料山西省重点实验室太原 030024
4 太原理工大学物理与光电学院太原 030024

Effect of Electropulse on Dynamic Precipitation and Microstructure of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy During Warm Extrusion

WANG Binshan¹^,², XU Guang¹^,², REN Rui¹^,², ZHANG Qiang¹^,²^,³, SHAN Zhaohui⁴, FAN Jianfeng¹^,²^,³(

)

1 Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
3 Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Based Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
4 College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

引用本文:

王彬杉, 徐光, 任睿, 张强, 单召辉, 樊建锋. 脉冲电流对AZ91镁合金温挤压过程中动态析出和微观组织的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(1): 129-142.
Binshan WANG, Guang XU, Rui REN, Qiang ZHANG, Zhaohui SHAN, Jianfeng FAN. Effect of Electropulse on Dynamic Precipitation and Microstructure of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy During Warm Extrusion[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(1): 129-142.

全文: PDF(5078 KB) HTML

摘要:

脉冲电流辅助成形工艺具有提高成型能力及细化微观组织等优点，被广泛用到各种塑性变形过程中。然而，关于脉冲电流在动态挤压变形过程中的作用尚不明确。本工作利用脉冲电流辅助挤压(EPAE)技术，研究了脉冲电流对于AZ91镁合金挤压过程中动态析出和微观组织的影响。结果表明，在能够完全动态再结晶(DRX)的临界变形条件下，EPAE工艺可以降低AZ91镁合金挤压过程中β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相的体积分数并促使其发生球化，同时能够促进平均晶粒尺寸和最大基面织构强度的增加，且峰值电流密度越高，效果越明显。与常规热挤压相比，峰值电流密度为6.4 × 10⁷ A/m²的EPAE工艺促使AZ91镁合金中β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相的体积分数从76.9%降低至16.5%，平均晶粒尺寸从1.07 μm增加至3.54 μm，最大织构强度从3.39增加至5.92。在不均匀分布的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相的钉扎作用下，最终EPAE态AZ91镁合金内部形成双峰组织。实验及理论分析表明，脉冲电流中热效应和非热效应的共同作用所导致的AZ91镁合金挤压过程中的Gibbs自由能变化量和原子扩散通量的提高是上述实验现象发生的主要原因，在促进了β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相的溶解及其附近Al溶质原子均匀分布的同时提高了晶界迁移速率。同时，脉冲电流可以通过其漂移电子对基面<a>滑移的加速作用促进β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相颗粒贫乏区中晶粒的旋转。

关键词 ： AZ91镁合金, 脉冲电流辅助挤压, β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相, 动态析出, 晶粒长大

Abstract：

The electropulse-assisted forming process has been widely used in various plastic deformation applications owing to its advantages in improving formability and refining microstructure. However, the influence of electropulse on the dynamic extrusion deformation process remains unclear. In this study, the effects of electropulse on dynamic precipitation and microstructure evolution of AZ91 magnesium alloy during extrusion were investigated using electropulse-assisted extrusion (EPAE) technology. The results demonstrate that under critical deformation conditions for complete dynamic recrystallization, the EPAE process reduces the volume fraction of the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase, promotes its spheroidization, and enhances both the average grain size and the maximum basal texture intensity. These effects become more pronounced with increasing peak current density. Specifically, with a peak current density of 6.4 × 10⁷ A/m² during the EPAE process, the volume fraction of the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase decreased from 76.9% to 16.5%, the average grain size increased from 1.07 μm to 3.54 μm, and the maximum basal texture intensity increased from 3.39 to 5.92, compared to conventional hot extrusion. The bimodal structure observed in the EPAE-processed AZ91 alloy was attributed to the pinning effect caused by the inhomogeneous distribution of the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase. Experimental and theoretical analyses indicated that the increase of Gibbs free energy variation and atomic diffusion flux during extrusion of AZ91 alloy caused by the combined thermal and athermal effects of the pulsed current was the main reason for the experimental phenomena, which promoting the solution of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase and uniform distribution of Al solute atoms nearby while also increasing the grain boundary migration rate. Moreover, the electropulse strengthened the basal texture in β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ particle-depleted regions by accelerating basal <a> slip.

Key words： AZ91 magnesium alloy electropulse assisted extrusion β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase dynamic precipitation grain growth

收稿日期: 2024-08-14

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:山西省自然科学基金项目(20210302123134);山西省自然科学基金项目(202203021221071);山西省自然科学基金项目(202203021211157);山西省留学委员会项目(2022-045);山西浙大研究院新材料与化工研究院基础研究项目(2021SX-FR005)

通讯作者: 樊建锋，fanjianfeng@tyut.edu.cn，主要从事镁合金新材料研究

Corresponding author: FAN Jianfeng, professor, Tel: 13935107463, E-mail: fanjianfeng@tyut.edu.cn

作者简介: 王彬杉，男，1996年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00256 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V61/I1/129

图1 脉冲电流辅助挤压(EPAE)工艺以及脉冲电流产生的方波示意图

表1 AZ91镁合金的挤压工艺参数

图2 铸态和固溶态AZ91镁合金样品显微组织的OM及SEM-BSE像

图3 固溶态及挤压态AZ91镁合金的XRD谱及位错密度演变趋势

图4 挤压态AZ91镁合金样品的OM及SEM-BSE像

表2 挤压态AZ91镁合金样品中微观组织常数和挤出温度

图5 挤压态AZ91镁合金样品中不同类型晶粒及β-Mg17Al12相的平均尺寸和比例的演变趋势

图6 挤压态AZ91镁合金样品的SEM-SE像及EDS结果

图7 EPAE-3样品微观组织形貌

图8 250EX及EPAE-3样品典型的EBSD结果

图9 固溶态及挤压态样品的室温拉伸真应力-真应变曲线

表3 固溶态及挤压态AZ91合金样品的力学性能

图10 不同挤压条件下β-Mg17Al12相溶解过程中Gibbs自由能变化示意图

图11 EPAE-3样品粗晶区和细晶区的典型EBSD结果

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