基于原位电阻法的<strong>7A65</strong>铝合金厚板双级时效工艺

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00461

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (8): 1153-1164 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00461

研究论文

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基于原位电阻法的7A65铝合金厚板双级时效工艺

肖文龙¹^,²^,³(

), 臧晨阳²^,³, 郭锦涛²^,³, 冯佳文¹, 马朝利¹^,²^,³

^1.天目山实验室杭州 311115
^2.北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院北京 100191
^3.北京航空航天大学云南创新研究院昆明 650233

Two-Stage Aging Process of 7A65 Aluminum Alloy Thick Plate Based on In Situ Resistance Method

XIAO Wenlong¹^,²^,³(

), ZANG Chenyang²^,³, GUO Jintao²^,³, FENG Jiawen¹, MA Chaoli¹^,²^,³

^1.Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou 311115, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
^3.Yunnan Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Kunming 650233, China

引用本文:

肖文龙, 臧晨阳, 郭锦涛, 冯佳文, 马朝利. 基于原位电阻法的7A65铝合金厚板双级时效工艺[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(8): 1153-1164.
Wenlong XIAO, Chenyang ZANG, Jintao GUO, Jiawen FENG, Chaoli MA. Two-Stage Aging Process of 7A65 Aluminum Alloy Thick Plate Based on In Situ Resistance Method[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(8): 1153-1164.

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摘要:

7xxx系超高强铝合金厚板凭借其轻质、高比强度等优点被广泛应用于航空航天等领域。为了优化7A65铝合金厚板的双级时效工艺，本工作利用原位电阻分析法系统分析了7A65铝合金的时效析出行为，制定了合金的双级时效工艺，并通过组织观察及力学性能测试探讨了时效工艺对厚板力学性能的影响规律及板材的强韧化机制。合金的等温转变(TTT)曲线表明，在120~220 ℃内出现了η相的脱溶“C曲线”。根据TTT曲线确定板材的最佳双级时效工艺为：121 ℃、6 h + 152 ℃、19 h，经此时效工艺处理后板材具有39%IACS以上的电导率和550 MPa以上的屈服强度，同时延伸率达到9%。

关键词 ： 7A65铝合金, 双级时效, 析出动力学, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

With the increasing scarcity of traditional energy sources such as petroleum, the concept of sustainable development has prompted strict demands for energy-saving, economical, and environment-friendly industrial production. As the most important lightweight structural material, the requirements for aluminum alloys in modern industries are also increasing. In particular, 7xxx-series ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy thick plates have been widely used in aerospace and other fields due to its advantages of lightweight and high specific strength. Currently, the problem of nonuniformity of microstructure and mechanical properties in the thickness direction of the thick plates is still prominent. Therefore, developing a new aging process to overcome the shortcomings of the low efficiency of traditional aging processes and difficult-to-control temperature field is urgently needed. Additionally, the research on aging heat treatment mainly focuses on the performance test and static microstructure characterization. Fewer research works have been carried out on the real-time detection of the transformation of the aging dissolution phase byin situ means. To optimize the two-stage aging process of a 7A65 aluminum alloy thick plate, this study systematically analyzed the aging precipitation behavior of the alloy by in situ electrical resistance analysis, formulated the two-stage aging process of the alloy, and explored the influence law of the aging process on the mechanical properties of the thick plate. The study also explored the strengthening and toughening mechanism of the plate through the microstructure observation and mechanical property test. The isothermal transition curve (i.e., time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curve) of the alloy shows that the “C curve” of η-phase dissolution is observed at 120-220 ^oC. According to the TTT curve, the optimal conditions for the two-stage aging process for the thick plate are determined to be as follows: heat at 121 ^oC for 6 h, and then at 152 ^oC for 19 h. After aging, the electrical conductivity of the plate is higher than 38%IACS, the yield strength is higher than 550 MPa, and the elongation reaches 9%.

Key words： 7A65 aluminum alloy two-stage aging precipitation kinetics microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2023-11-28

ZTFLH:

TG 166.3

基金资助:浙江省重点研发计划项目(2024SSYS0078);西南铝业(集团)有限责任公司配套项目(JZKG20190099)

通讯作者: 肖文龙，wlxiao@buaa.edu.cn，主要从事轻质高强金属结构/功能材料制备技术研究

Corresponding author: XIAO Wenlong, associate professor, Tel: (010)82338631, E-mail: wlxiao@buaa.edu.cn

作者简介: 肖文龙，男，1982年生，博士

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图1 原位电阻测试装置示意图

图2 拉伸试样的取样位置和试样尺寸示意图

图3 等温时效过程中7A65铝合金板材表面及不同厚度(H)处试样的等温转变(TTT)曲线

图4 不同温度下7A65铝合金板材表层、H / 4和H / 2处试样的析出动力学曲线

表1 不同温度下7A65铝合金板材表层及不同厚度处试样析出动力学曲线的拟合系数(K和n)

图5 140 ℃等温时效过程中7A65铝合金板材表层试样晶内析出相的TEM明场像选区电子衍射(SAED)花样及析出相平均等效直径和体积分数

图6 140 ℃等温时效过程中7A56铝合金板材表层试样晶界处的TEM像和HRTEM像

图7 基于TTT权重曲线确定的7A65铝合金板材的双级时效工艺窗口

图8 7A65铝合金板材不同厚度处不同双级时效工艺的硬度和电导率对比及最佳双级时效工艺下的拉伸性能

图9 140 ℃时效23 h后7A65铝合金板材表层处试样晶内析出相的HRTEM像和快速Fourier变换

图10 最佳双级时效工艺下7A65铝合金板材不同厚度的轧向(RD)工程应力-应变曲线及对应的数字图像相关处理技术(DIC)分析

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