原位自生<strong>TiB<sub>2</sub>/Al</strong>基复合材料的腐蚀防护技术研究现状

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00516

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (4): 428-443 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00516

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

原位自生TiB₂/Al基复合材料的腐蚀防护技术研究现状

王浩伟(

), 赵德超, 汪明亮

上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海 200240

A Review of the Corrosion Protection Technology on In SituTiB₂/Al Composites

WANG Haowei(

), ZHAO Dechao, WANG Mingliang

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

王浩伟, 赵德超, 汪明亮. 原位自生TiB₂/Al基复合材料的腐蚀防护技术研究现状[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(4): 428-443.
Haowei WANG, Dechao ZHAO, Mingliang WANG. A Review of the Corrosion Protection Technology on In SituTiB₂/Al Composites[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(4): 428-443.

全文: PDF(5966 KB) HTML

摘要:

原位自生TiB₂/Al基复合材料是具有优异综合力学性能和机械加工性能的高性能结构材料。在众多工况条件下，复合材料耐蚀性能是设计者们需要考虑的关键要素之一。由于TiB₂颗粒和Al基体间的微电偶腐蚀以及TiB₂颗粒对复合材料Al基体表面天然氧化膜层连续性破坏等因素，降低了此类复合材料的耐蚀性。TiB₂/Al基复合材料的表面处理与腐蚀防护技术的开发显得尤为迫切。针对这一问题，本文主要基于现有的阳极氧化和稀土转化膜技术、低温熔盐沉积技术、微弧氧化技术等表面改性方法，综述了原位自生TiB₂/Al基复合材料表面改性及其腐蚀防护技术的研究进展，并对此类复合材料表面改性工艺技术发展方向提出合理建议。新型高效表面处理与腐蚀防护工艺的采用将为原位自生TiB₂/Al基复合材料在航空、航天、航海、武器装备、轨道交通、汽车轻量化等领域的更大规模应用提供有效技术保障。

关键词 ：原位自生TiB₂/Al基复合材料, 表面处理, 腐蚀防护, 涂层

Abstract：

In situ TiB₂/Al-based composites are high-performance structural materials with excellent overall mechanical properties and machining properties. One of the critical factors in many practical situations is the composites' corrosive resistance. Microgalvanic corrosion occurs between TiB₂ particles and the Al matrix in TiB₂/Al composites as well as a negative effect of TiB₂ particles on the continuous passive layer is observed, resulting in lower corrosive-resistant performance. As a result, developing surface treatment and corrosion protection technology for TiB₂/Al composites is especially important. Regarding this problem, this paper mainly reviews the surface modification methods of in situ TiB₂/Al composites, including the anodic oxidation and rare earth conversion coating technology, low-temperature molten-salt deposition technology, and microarc oxidation technology. Furthermore, reasonable suggestions for future development on the surface protection technology of TiB₂/Al composites are made. The adoption of novel high-efficiency surface treatment and corrosion protection technology should provide effective technical support for the increasing large-scale application of in situ TiB₂/Al composites in aviation, aerospace, navigation, national defense, railway transportation, and automotive industrial fields.

Key words： in situ TiB₂/Al composites surface treatment corrosion protection coating

收稿日期: 2021-11-29

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51971137);国家自然科学基金项目(52001203);国家自然科学基金项目(52075327);国家自然科学基金项目(52004160);国家自然科学基金项目(52071207);国家自然科学基金项目(52101043);国家自然科学基金项目(52101179)

作者简介: 王浩伟，男，1966年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00516 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V58/I4/428

图1 A356铝合金和不同TiB2含量复合材料的Nyquist图、Bode图、极化曲线以及极化后试样腐蚀形貌[15]

图2 原位自生TiB2/7050Al在不同pH值溶液中的Nyquist图、Bode图、极化曲线及不同pH值条件下静态浸泡8 d后试样腐蚀形貌[16]

图3 原位自生TiB2/A356复合材料氧化膜形貌，阳极氧化膜表面化学沉积铈转化膜形貌，复合材料表面铈转化膜的XPS Ce3d谱，复合材料、表面阳极氧化膜以及铈转化膜极化曲线，以及铈转化膜形成示意图[23,24]

图4 阳极氧化TiB2/A356复合材料表面阴极电解沉积铈膜形貌以及铈沉积膜在不连续复合材料氧化膜表面形成过程示意图[26]

图5 电沉积铝层在不同沉积时间下的SEM像及其对应的形成机制，基体上形成的二维和三维铝晶核示意图，纯Al、A356、TiB2/A356复合材料和TiB2/A356复合材料电沉积铝层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线[30]

图6 铝层和基体截面形貌[37]，TiB2/A356复合材料表面电沉积铝层阳极氧化膜形貌[27]，阳极氧化后复合材料、电解沉积铝层以及纯Al的Bode图[37]，阳极氧化后复合材料、电解沉积铝层以及纯Al的极化曲线[37]

图7 TiB2/A201复合材料和微弧氧化膜层空泡腐蚀后的宏观形貌[43]

图8 微弧氧化膜层空泡腐蚀不同时间后微观形貌，累计失重量与空蚀时间关系曲线，TiB2/A201复合材料和微弧氧化膜层在3.5%NaCl溶液中极化曲线，以及微弧氧化膜层截面图[43]

图9 碱性电解质中添加和不添加KMnO4的微弧氧化膜层，微弧氧化膜层的XPS分析，添加KMnO4膜层的Mn2p图谱[47]

图10 电阻缝加工法制备原位自生TiB2/铝合金基复合材料表面高/中熵合金涂层示意图

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