难熔高熵合金的强韧化途径与调控机理

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00286

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (3): 257-271 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00286

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难熔高熵合金的强韧化途径与调控机理

徐流杰¹(

), 宗乐², 罗春阳², 焦照临², 魏世忠³(

)

^1.河南科技大学摩擦学与材料防护教育部工程研究中心洛阳 471003
^2.河南科技大学材料科学与工程学院洛阳 471003
^3.河南科技大学金属材料磨损控制与成型技术国家地方联合工程研究中心洛阳 471003

Toughening Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys

XU Liujie¹(

), ZONG Le², LUO Chunyang², JIAO Zhaolin², WEI Shizhong³(

)

^1.Engineering Research Center of Tribology and Materials Protection, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
^3.National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China

引用本文:

徐流杰, 宗乐, 罗春阳, 焦照临, 魏世忠. 难熔高熵合金的强韧化途径与调控机理[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(3): 257-271.
Liujie XU, Le ZONG, Chunyang LUO, Zhaolin JIAO, Shizhong WEI. Toughening Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(3): 257-271.

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摘要:

在众多高熵合金中，由5种或5种以上的难熔金属元素，按照等原子比或者近等原子比混合形成的难熔高熵合金，凭借稳定的相结构和优异的高温性能，在高温材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文从难熔高熵合金的研究现状出发，综述典型难熔高熵合金的微观组织和相组成、室温和高温力学性能、强韧化机理与力学性能调控，并对未来难熔高熵合金的研究开发进行展望。首先，将难熔高熵合金按照组成相进行分类，分析了难熔高熵合金的微观组织和相组成，然后总结了难熔高熵合金的室温和高温力学性能与强韧化机理，并讨论了3种不同的强韧化方案，即化学成分调控、工艺调控和相结构调控。最后对未来难熔高熵合金的发展进行了展望，并对其未来重点研究方向提出了如下建议：借助计算机等技术，模拟与计算材料的性能与形成相，构建难熔高熵合金的研究平台与数据库；借助组合实验方法，加快筛选新的难熔高熵合金；掌握自上而下和自下而上的实验方法，探究性能优异的新型难熔高熵合金体系。

关键词 ：难熔高熵合金, 微观组织, 力学性能, 强韧化, 性能调控

Abstract：

Alloying has long been used to improve the properties of metals. Typically, the design concept starts with two metal elements as the foundation and small quantities of other elements are added to change or optimize the alloy properties. Recently, a new alloy has emerged, which combines several main elements to form new alloys, known as high-entropy alloys. Among them, refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) made by mixing five or more refractory metal elements that have similar atomic ratios have wide application prospects in the field of high-temperature materials because of their stable phase structures and excellent high-temperature properties. This paper reviews the mechanical properties and microstructure of typical RHEAs, mechanism of toughening and mechanical property regulation of RHEAs, and prospects for the future development of RHEAs, starting with the current research status of RHEAs. The first section delves into the classification of RHEAs based on their constituent phases, and the microstructure and phase composition of the RHEAs are investigated. The second section summarizes the mechanical properties, strengthening, and toughening mechanisms of RHEAs at room and high temperatures. The third section illustrates and discusses three different strengthening and toughening schemes that have been used to modulate the mechanical properties of RHEAs, namely, chemical composition, process, and phase structure modulations. Finally, the future development of RHEAs have been forecasted and the following recommendations are made for key RHEA research trends in the future: simulating and calculating the materials properties and formation phases using computers and other technologies, development of a research platform and database for RHEAs, accelerating the screening of new RHEAs using combinatorial experimental methods, and acquiring top-down and bottom-up experimental methods to explore RHEAs systems with excellent properties.

Key words： refractory high-entropy alloy microstructure mechanical property strengthening and toughening performance modulation

收稿日期: 2021-07-12

ZTFLH:

TG132.3

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(U2004180);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB2008400)

作者简介: 徐流杰，男，1974年生，教授，博士；
宗乐，男，1996年生，硕士生(共同第一作者)；

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图1 AlNbTiV的SEM像、TEM像和选区电子衍射(SAED)花样[23]

图2 双相Ta0.5HfZrTi合金微观组织的TEM像[36]

图3 TiZrHfBe(Cu7.5Ni12.5)棒材的宏观形貌、TEM像和对应的SAED花样[40]

图4 难熔高熵合金的室温屈服强度与断裂应变、延伸率的关系[3,4,11,21,23,24,27,28,32,33,36,38,41~77](a) effect of phase numbers on compressive yield strength and strain to fracture of RHEAs(b) effect of phase structure on compressive yield strength and strain to fracture of RHEAs(c) effect of phase numbers on tensile yield strength and elongation of RHEAs

图5 1700℃下烧结的NbTaTiV难熔高熵合金的TEM分析[84](a) bright field image of the alloy(b) higher magnification view of the Ti-C-O particle (Inset is SAED pattern along [001] zone axes)

图6 HfNbTaTiZr合金在不同退火条件下的微观组织演变[86](a) as-cast (Inset shows the locally enlarged view) (b) 1000oC, 24 h (c) 1200oC, 24 h(d) 1400oC, 24 h (Inset shows the locally enlarged view) (e) 1450oC, 168 h(f) magnified image of observed precipitates in condition of 1450oC, 168 h

图7 难熔高熵合金屈服强度与温度的关系[4,23,24,27,33,35,44,49~51,53,64,67,68,93~95]

图8 难熔高熵合金的化学成分调控[4,23,33,49,51,54,93](a) effect of adding different elements on yield strength at high temperature of RHEAs[4,23,33,49,51,93](b) effect of changing the content of molybdenum element on the mechanical properties of TiZrNbVMo x RHEAs[54]

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