<strong><i>γ'</i></strong> 相强化钴基高温合金成分设计与蠕变机理研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00223

金属学报

2023, Vol. 59

Issue (9): 1125-1143 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00223

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γ' 相强化钴基高温合金成分设计与蠕变机理研究进展

冯强¹(

), 路松¹, 李文道¹^,², 张晓瑞¹, 李龙飞¹(

), 邹敏¹, 庄晓黎¹

¹北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室北京材料基因工程高精尖创新中心北京 100083
²湘潭大学材料科学与工程学院湘潭 411105

Recent Progress in Alloy Design and Creep Mechanism of γ'-Strengthened Co-Based Superalloys

FENG Qiang¹(

), LU Song¹, LI Wendao¹^,², ZHANG Xiaorui¹, LI Longfei¹(

), ZOU Min¹, ZHUANG Xiaoli¹

¹Beijing Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
²School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

引用本文:

冯强, 路松, 李文道, 张晓瑞, 李龙飞, 邹敏, 庄晓黎. γ' 相强化钴基高温合金成分设计与蠕变机理研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1125-1143.
Qiang FENG, Song LU, Wendao LI, Xiaorui ZHANG, Longfei LI, Min ZOU, Xiaoli ZHUANG. Recent Progress in Alloy Design and Creep Mechanism of γ'-Strengthened Co-Based Superalloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2023, 59(9): 1125-1143.

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摘要:

近年来，随着航空发动机和地面燃机的持续发展，对其关键热端部件的环境抗力和承温能力的要求越来越高，γ′相强化钴基高温合金在抗热腐蚀性能和熔点温度等方面较镍基高温合金具有优势。为了促进此类合金的发展，本文基于国内外在合金开发和蠕变性能等方面的研究成果，结合本课题组的研究工作，总结了该类合金在合金化原理、合金设计方法和蠕变机理等方面的研究现状，凝练出了目前该类合金发展存在的关键基础科学问题，并对未来需要关注的研究方向进行了概述。

关键词 ：钴基高温合金, γ'相强化, 合金化, 合金设计, 蠕变

Abstract：

Recently, with the development of aviation engines and ground-based gas turbines, the demands for the environmental resistance and temperature-bearing capacity of their key hot-end components have considerably increased. Compared to Ni-based superalloys, novel γ′-strengthened Co-based superalloys are more advantageous owing to their corrosion resistance and melting temperature. To facilitate the development of these alloys, research on their alloying principles, alloy design, and creep mechanisms is summarized in this paper based on domestic and international results. Furthermore, herein, the key scientific problems in the development of such alloys are discussed, and the possible development trends and challenges in the future are surveyed.

Key words： Co-based superalloy γ'-strengthened alloying alloy design creep

收稿日期: 2023-05-18

ZTFLH:

TG132.3

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52171095);国家自然科学基金项目(52201100);国家自然科学基金项目(52201024);国家自然科学基金项目(51771019);国家自然科学基金项目(92060113);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0702902);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M710346)

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表1 γ'相强化钴基高温合金的主要合金元素及其作用

图1 温度对γ′相强化钴基[15]和镍基[23]高温合金错配度的影响

图2 钴基高温合金中γ/γ'两相的成分分布[26]

表2 部分钴基高温合金的名义成分和γ'相溶解温度(Tγ'-solvus) [1,6,7,10,11,13,21,25,32~42]

图3 部分合金元素在Co和Ni中的扩散系数[47]

图4 基于显微组织逆向设计的复杂多组元钴基合金成分设计方法示意图[5,26]

图5 Co-Al-W和CoNi基单晶高温合金与镍基单晶高温合金蠕变性能[12,13,90,93,95,96]

图6 Ti和Ta元素对Co-Al-W基单晶高温合金蠕变性能的影响[13]

图7 正错配度Co-Al-W基单晶高温合金高温拉伸蠕变过程中的微观组织演变[98]

图8 钴基单晶高温合金γ'相中超点阵内禀层错(SISF)[102]和超点阵外禀层错(SESF)[91]的原子结构及其形成机制模型图

图9 Co-Al-W基单晶高温合金γ'相中形成的不同类型的层错交互作用结构[91]

图10 CoNi基单晶高温合金中反相畴界-超点阵内禀层错-反相畴界(APB-SISF-APB)结构的形成机制示意图[28]

图11 钴基单晶高温合金高温低应力拉伸蠕变条件下不同阶段微观组织和形变亚结构演变的模型图[90]

图12 合金元素对γ'相层错能(Co3TM)[107]和反相畴界能(Co3Al0.75TM0.25)[108]的影响

图13 γ'相中层错附近合金元素偏析诱导缺陷类型转变模型[111]和与SISF相连的Shockley不全位错[104]

图14 γ相形成元素偏析诱导的γ'→γ相转变[94,104]

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